Correlations Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is correlation?
Relationship between 2 variables
Correlation indicates how two variables change in relation to each other.
What does a positive correlation indicate?
Both variables increase together or decrease together
Example: Height and weight generally show a positive correlation.
What does a negative correlation indicate?
One variable increases while the other decreases
Example: Climbing a mountain (increased height) may be associated with lower temperatures.
What is the range of correlation coefficients?
From -1.0 to +1.0
Coefficients indicate the strength and direction of the correlation.
What does a correlation coefficient less than 0 indicate?
Negative correlation
This means that as one variable increases, the other tends to decrease.
What does a correlation coefficient greater than 0 indicate?
Positive correlation
This implies that as one variable increases, the other also tends to increase.
What does a correlation coefficient between 0.0 and 0.3 indicate?
Weak correlation
Indicates a slight relationship between the variables.
What does a correlation coefficient between 0.3 and 0.7 indicate?
Moderate correlation
Suggests a more noticeable relationship between the variables.
What does a correlation coefficient of 0.7 or higher indicate?
Strong correlation
Indicates a strong relationship where changes in one variable strongly predict changes in the other.
What do correlations do?
Look for a relationship between co-variables.
What type of data is often used in correlation studies?
Data collected often through self-report methods.
How are the variables treated in a correlation study?
Neither variable is controlled by the researcher and both measures come from the same individual.
What types of data can be used for correlations?
Ordinal and interval/ratio data only.
What does a positive correlation indicate?
When one co-variable increases, so too does the other.
What does a negative correlation indicate?
When one co-variable increases, the other decreases.
What is meant by ‘no correlation’?
There is no relationship between the co-variables.
What is the correlation co-efficient?
The strength of a correlation, ranging from -1 to +1.
What is a scattergram used for?
To investigate the relationship between co-variables, with one variable plotted on the y-axis and one on the x-axis.
What data type are correlations not performed with?
Correlations are not performed with nominal data!
