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602 EX 3 > Cortical Function 1&2 > Flashcards

Cortical Function 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

_____________ is a pseudo-science which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits

A

Phrenology

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2
Q

Broadmanns areas:
1,2,3:
4:
6:
22:
39:
40:
43:
44,45:

A

1, 2, 3: Primary sensory
4: motor
6: Premotor
22: Wernicke’s area
39: Read symbols
40: Articulate symbols
43: Secondary sensory (under temporal)
44, 45: Broca’s Area

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3
Q

Somatosensory cortex is in which areas?

A

1,2,3

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4
Q

Is somatosensory cortex unilateral or bilateral? What does this mean?

A

Bilateral
- L somatosensory receives the information from the Right side of the body

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5
Q

What are the tests you can use to check cortical function?

A
  • 2 point discrimination
  • Stereognosis
  • Graphesthesia
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6
Q

________ is the mental perception of depth or three-dimensionality by the senses, usually in reference to the ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch.

A

Stereognosis

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7
Q

____________ is the ability to recognize symbols when they’re traced on the skin

A

Graphesthesia

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8
Q

What are the steps for the non-head mechanosensory pathway?

A
  1. 1st nucleus: Dorsal root ganglion → Dorsal column
  2. 2nd n: Gracile Nucleus (lower body) or Cuneate nucleus (upper body) → Cross over → medial lemniscus
  3. 3rd n: VPL of thalamus
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9
Q

What is the pathway for head mechanosensory?

A
  1. 1st nucleus: Trigeminal ganglion
  2. 2nd nucleus: Principal nucleus of CN V/Trigeminal complex → Medial lemniscus → Trigeminal lemniscus
  3. 3rd nucleus: VPL nucleus of Thalamus
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10
Q

_________ is the inability to transform language (transform = think something then say it!)

A

Aphasia

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11
Q

Brocas aphasia is caused by a lesion in areas _____, this results in what??

A

-44, 45
- inability to speak language

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12
Q

Is brocas aphasia caused by lesions on the right or left side?

A

Left

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13
Q

What are some historical cases of Brocas aphasia?

A

-Leborgne: only say “tan”
Had a worse lesion than Lelong!
-Lelong: could only say oui, non, tois, toujours, Lelo

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14
Q

Wernickes aphasia is caused by lesions in area _____. What does this cause?

A

Area 22
- Lesion causes inability to understand words and language organization
Patients speak gibberish although rhythm and syntax are normal

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15
Q

Brocas aphasia is also called ___________, and Wernickes aphasia is also called ________

A
  • Expressive aphasia
  • receptive aphasia
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16
Q

____________ is the inability to transform sensory stimuli (NOT speech!)

A

Agnosia

17
Q

What areas are agnosia associated with? How are the agnosias caused by these two areas different?

A

-Area 39: ability to recognize written words
- Area 40: ability to write and interpret similar words

18
Q

which side are the areas located on for agnosia? Left or right?

A

Left

19
Q

__________ is a difficulty recognizing writing, including order and orientation of letters.

What area are lesions that cause this located in?

A

Dyslexia
Areas 39,40

20
Q

In dyslexia, Lesions of 39 can spillover into _____, causing symptoms of hearing and reading comprehension to occur together

A

Area 22

21
Q

What is unilateral neglect caused by?

A

a parietal lobe lesion (Areas 1, 2, 3, 39, 40 are here)

22
Q

Areas of parietal lobe outside of the postcentral gyrus = part of the _____________

A

association cortex

23
Q

What does the association cortex associated with? What goes wrong in unilateral neglect?

A

associates stimuli/sensation with thought/object, the sensation is fine, but you can’t associate it with the thought!

24
Q

____________ is the inability to recognize faces (facial recognition revealed by electrical traces in the temporal lobe__________)

A

Prosopagnosia

  • fusiform gyrus
25
Q

On what side of the fusiform gyrus is facial recognition located on?? Right or left??

A

Right

26
Q

_________ is a Normal blind spot in the middle of the retina where the optic nerve is

A

Scotoma

27
Q

Is vision loss usually bilateral or contralateral?

A

Usually contralateral, RARELY BILATERAL

28
Q

In which case is there bilateral vision loss?

A

benign pituitary tumor

-Bilateral loss of vision HAS to be in the (optic chiasm, where the crossover happens)

29
Q

_______________ is a broad term used to describe the damage of higher functioning processes of the brain

A

Prefrontal lobe syndrome

30
Q

What can prefrontal lobe syndrome cause?

A

-Problems with executive function: memory, planning, problem solving
-Personality changes: problems controlling emotions, anger, impulsiveness, lack of control over reaction to input from limbic structures

31
Q

_________ is the loss of social abilities

A

Abulia

32
Q

_________ stroke is a constriction of blood flow
_______ stroke is bleeding in the brain

A

Ischemic
Hemorrhagic

33
Q

___________ are branches of the middle cerebral artery that supply the area of the internal capsule

A

Striate arteries

34
Q

Label the numbered arteries

A

1- anterior cerebral a
2- internal carotid a
3- middle cerebral a.
4- posterior cerebral .
5- superior cerebella a
6- basilar a.
7- anterior inferior cerebellar a
8-vertebral a
9- posterior inferior cerebellar a

35
Q

What are the three brain regions that are supplied by the anterior, middle and posterior cerebellar artery ?

A

Anterior cerebral artery: looks like a mohawk!
Middle cerebral artery: in the middle!
Posterior cerebral artery: back/bottom of brain

36
Q

What are the Certain functional areas that are associated with cerebral arteries?

A

Anterior: below shoulder
Middle: from shoulder up
Posterior: mostly occipital lobe

37
Q

What is the FAST test?

A

-Facial drooping
Ask person to smile
-Arm weakness
Ask person to raise both arms
-Speech difficulties
Ask person to repeat a phrase
-Time
Time to call 911!!

602 EX 3 (8 decks)

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