Cortisol and adrenline

Question 1

what is the resting affects of cortisol

Answer 1

Cortisol causes mobilisation of fuel, skeltal muscle and liver release glucose adipose releases fatty acids.
releases glucagon
Mainstains normal blood pressure
immune suppression (supresses inflamation)
Reduces glucose storeage as glycogen and ketones

Question 2

What is the release pathway for cortisol

Answer 2

hypothalumus: corticotropin releasing hormone
Anterior pituitary: adrenocorticotropin hormone
Cortex of the adrenal gland: Cortisol secretion
Negative feedback to AP and HT to stop release of CRH and ACTH

Question 3

What are the three phases of a stress reponse

Answer 3

Alarm phase
resistance phase
exhastion phase

Question 4

What are the effects of the alarm phase

Answer 4

quickly enduced stress
releases catecholamides = adrenline and noradrenline
Hypothalumus activates the sympathetic nervous system
reponses: increase, mental awareness heart rate breathing, mobilisation of energy,

Question 5

What is the effect of adrenline and how is it released

Answer 5

Released during a stress reponse from the medulla of the adrenal gland

causes, mobilisation of energy, dilated arways, vacoconstrictions, stronger heart contractions

Question 6

What is the resistance phase

Answer 6

Resisting the symptoms of stress
Low gycogen reserves due to stress reponse
releases: cortisol + glucagon, adrenline, alderserone, anti diuretic hormone,

Effects:
Fuel mobilisation
Cortisol+glucagon+Adrenline+ growth hormone

increased blood pressure
Aldersterone (increase Na,) Antiduretic hormone(water reabsorbtion + vacoconstrcitions), cortisol

Increased immunity:
cortisol reduces inflamation increasing immunity

Question 7

What is unique about the fuel mobilisation during stress resistance

Answer 7

Most of the glycogen stores have been burnt through so lots of lipid fats and proteins are broken down to produce energy
Glucose is required by neural tissue so the focus of remainig glucose is on these.

Question 8

Describe the exhastion phase of stress reponses

Answer 8

Can last weeks -> years
The bodys response to stress is deemed inadiqute and fuel reserves are used up
Linked to: heart conditions, stroke, chronic high blood pressure