interactions between innate and immune

Question 1

What is the 3 core methods to communicate between cells of the immune system

Answer 1

• Soluble molecules binding to receptors
• Surface bound receptors binding to ligands
• Antigen presentation to cause Tcell activation

Question 2

How do dentritic cells interact with messanger Tcells

Answer 2

3 mehtods:
- Production of cytokines which can bind to cytokine receptor on t-cells
- Membrane bound receptors on dendritic cells interact with ligands on T-cells
- Presenting Antigens to T-cells (MHC)

All methods required to activate

Question 3

What do T-cells have on their surface

Answer 3

Ligands to recive signals from dendritic cells
T-cell receptors to interact with the MHC
T-cel receptors to pass signal to B-cells

Question 4

How can complement interact with B-cells

Answer 4

• Antibodys can trigger the clasical complement pathway
• Complement fragments can interact with B-cells to increase antibody production

Question 5

What is a cytokine and a chemokine - who releases them

Answer 5

Cytokine = A molecule which binds to a cytokine receptor and causes a cell to inhibit/increase trascription

Chemokine = a molecule which binds to chemokine receptors and causes a cell to move, can also increase/inhibit transcription

Released by - innate, adaptive and tissue resident cells

Question 6

What are the two types of MHC (+what it stands for)

Answer 6

Major histocompatibility complex 1and 2

• MHC-1: Presents endogenous information. which comes from inside the cell
  (infected, cancerous, self antigens)
• MHC-2: Presnets exogenouse information from outside the cell - only on dendritic, macrophages (antigen presenting cells)
  (pathogen)

Question 7

How do dentritic cells travel to ind t-cells

Answer 7

when they are presenting antigen material - travel via blood and lymph to the local lymph node. High number of T-cells, high chance to find a T-cell receptor

Question 8

When will the clasical pathway for complement be less likely to occur

Answer 8

When the pathogen hasn’t been detected before

Question 9

What is an antigen

Answer 9

Antigens = Material which can be detected by the immune system

Self antigens: antigens from your cellular material (mostly acceptacted by immune cells)

Forigen antigens: Antigens from anywhere other than your body (not accepted by you body)

Question 10

How is MHC-1 loaded

Answer 10

Endogenous material is broken down by proteasome then transported to the ER where it is loaded onto MHC-1, sent to PM

Question 11

What breaks down endogenous antigen for presentation of MHC 1

Answer 11

proteasome