'cosmetic'

Question 1

what type of disease is alopecia areata

Answer 1

autoimmune

Question 2

how many patient will have hair regrowth in alopecia areata

Answer 2

50% 1 year, 80-90% eventually

Question 3

mx alopecia areata

Answer 3

topical steroids // topical minoxidil // phototherapy // dithranol // immunotherapy

Question 4

what are port wine stains

Answer 4

vascular birth marks, deep red or purple, do not sponatenously fade but become darker and raised over time

Question 5

mx port wine stains

Answer 5

laser therapy

Question 6

what are salmon patches

Answer 6

vascular birth mark at birth // pink, blotchy, on forehead or eyelid or neck // fade over time

Question 7

how common are salmon patches

Answer 7

50% babies

Question 8

what are spider naevi

Answer 8

flat, under the skin papule surrounded by capillaries // blanch under pressure // on upper part of body

Question 9

how to differentiate spider naevi from telangectasia

Answer 9

press on them –> spider naevi fill from centre vs telangectasia from the edge

Question 10

assoc spider naevi

Answer 10

liver disease, pregnant, COCP

Question 11

what is a sebacous cyst

Answer 11

proliferation from epidermal cells in dermis (epidermoid), or from hair follicle (pilar)

Question 12

where do sebacoues cysts usually occur

Answer 12

scalp, ears, face, upper arm

Question 13

mx sebaceous cyst

Answer 13

excision

Question 14

what are actinic lentigenes

Answer 14

UV spots - flat macular areas of pigment

Question 15

what are melanocytic naevi

Answer 15

dark birth marks

Question 16

type of melanocytic naevi

Answer 16

usual, dysplastic, halo, blue

Question 17

where do keloid scars form

Answer 17

connective tissue of a scar and extend beyond the wound

Question 18

RF keloid

Answer 18

dark skin + young

Question 19

most common keloid locations

Answer 19

sternum –> shoulder –> neck –> face –> extensors –> trunk

Question 20

what type of incisions reduce risk of keloids

Answer 20

relaxed tension lines

Question 21

mx keloids

Answer 21

intra-lesional steroid eg triamcinolone // excision

Question 22

1st line mx hyperhidrosis

Answer 22

aluminium chloride preparation

Question 23

other mx hyperhidrosis

Answer 23

iontophoreses // botulinum injection (armpit) // surgery - endoscopic thransthoracic sympathectomy

Question 24

SE surgery for hyperhidrosis

Answer 24

compensatory swelling

Question 25

first aid mx heat burns

Answer 25

within 20 mins irrigate with cool water for 10-30 mins, cover in cling film

Question 26

what is wallaces rule of 9's assessing burns

Answer 26

head + neck = 9% // each arm = 9% // ant leg = 9% // post leg = 9% // ant chest = 9% // post chest = 9% // ant abdo = 9% // post abdo = 9%

Question 27

most accurate chart for burn extent

Answer 27

lund and browder

Question 28

appearance superficial (1st degree) burn

Answer 28

red, painful, no blister

Question 29

appearance partial thickness (superficial dermal) burn

Answer 29

pale pink, blistered, slow cap refill

Question 30

appearance partial thickness (deep dermal) burn

Answer 30

white, some patches of non-blancing erythema, reduced sensation, pain on deep pressure

Question 31

appearance full thickness burn

Answer 31

white, brown, black, no blisters, no pain

Question 32

what is the TBSA assessment

Answer 32

palmar surface = roughly 1% of body (not that accurate)

Question 33

which burns need referall

Answer 33

all deep dermal + full thickness // superficial burns >3% TBSA in adults or >2% in kids // face, hand, feet, genitalial, circumference burns // inhalation injury // electrical or chemical

Question 34

complications severe burns

Answer 34

inflamm cytokenes / / hypovolaemic shock from loss of fluid // catabolic // immunosuppressed // bacterial translocation from the gut // Curling ulcers (peptic) // ARDS // protein loss

Question 35

ABCDE mx severe burns

Answer 35

A consider intubation of inhalation, deep burns to face or neck // C = IV fluid if 10% burn kids, 15% adult // C = catheter if 5% burn kid, 10% burn adult

Question 36

what are escharotomies + when are they indicated in burns

Answer 36

division of encasing of burn tissue to improve ventilation or relieve compartment syndrome // circumferential, full thickness torso and limb burns

Question 37

when is fluid resus indicated post burn

Answer 37

>15% body adult or >10% child

Question 38

what formula is used for burn fluid resus

Answer 38

Parkland

Question 39

what fluid should be used in burn resus

Answer 39

crystalloid only eg hartman's

Question 40

formula burn resus

Answer 40

4ml x (total burn surface % x body weight kg) // 50% in first 8 hours, 50% next 16

Question 41

resus end point burns

Answer 41

UO 0.5 - 1

Question 42

after 24 hours of burns resus what fluids are given

Answer 42

colloid infusion + maintenance cytstalloid (dextrose - saline)

Question 43

what is a Keratoacanthoma

Answer 43

deep red lesion that grow quickly over a few days --> necroses + fall off

Question 44

Pyogenic granuloma presentation

Answer 44

granulation growth at trauma site --> ulcer + bleed on contact --> curettage + cautert