cosmological

Question 1

Cosmological is an a posteriori argument
but what does that mean

Answer 1

knowledge gained through existence

Question 2

What does cosmos mean

Answer 2

universe

Question 3

What is empirical evidence and how does that link to the cosmological name

Answer 3

Based of we can see the world so have empirical evidence behind it

Question 4

What is Aquinas 3 ways

Answer 4

Motion
Causation
Contingency

Question 5

What quote from Aquinas describes things are changed by other things

Answer 5

“Everything that is moved, is moved by another”

Question 6

What did Aquinas say that means things cannot move backwards

Answer 6

“But you cannot have an infinite chain of movers”

Question 7

Where did the idea of an unmoved mover come from

Answer 7

The idea that there must be a starting point

Question 8

Who was the unmoved mover for aquinas

Answer 8

God

Question 9

What quote described God as being an unmoved mover

Answer 9

“so there must be a first mover, itself unmovedL and this everyone understands to be God”

Question 10

What is Aristotles prime mover

Answer 10

Thing that made the universe go into a constant state of motion

Question 11

Who was Atistotles prime mover

Answer 11

God

Question 12

If the prime mover isnt an efficent cause what is it

Answer 12

The final cause

Question 13

What state can potentially be turned into

Answer 13

Actuality

Question 14

What quote for the argument of causation talks about god

Answer 14

“there is no case know (it would be impossible) in which a thing is found to be its own efficient cause”

Question 15

How could we link the infinite chain to our family

Answer 15

baby - Parents - Grandparents - Great Grandparents etc

Question 16

What is standard argument for causation

Answer 16

The universe exists and something cannot come from nothing

Question 17

What does contingent mean

Answer 17

Something which did not have to exists and relies on something else for its existence

Question 18

What does necessary mean

Answer 18

Must exist and doesn’t require anything else for its existence

Question 19

Is matter in the universe contingent or necessary

Answer 19

Contingent

Question 20

What would happen if everything was contingent

Answer 20

been a time when nothing existed
Hence nothing would be here now

Question 21

How can we prove wrong everything being contingent

Answer 21

stuff exists now and we have evidence of that

Question 22

What is the quote that describes Gottfried Leibniz

Answer 22

“why is there something rather than nothing?”

Question 23

What is the principle of sufficient reason

Answer 23

Any contingent fact about the world has explanation

Question 24

What quote can we use for the principle of sufficient reason

Answer 24

“for we cannot find in any of the individual things, or even in the entire collection and series of things, a sufficient reason for why they exist”

Question 25

Why must explanation for contingent things be necessary

Answer 25

We cannot explain contingent things with other contingent things

Question 26

According to Leibniz what is the necessary being that exists for contingent things to exist

Answer 26

God

Question 27

is Leibiniz an + or a - for Aquinas argument for necessity and contingent

Answer 27

+ (and longevity)

Question 28

F C Copleston puts his own opinion for necessary being but explain

Answer 28

We known at least some beings in the world are not the for their own existence. World made up of these individuals. Reason for these thing must be external to these things. Reason must be an existent being. Thing being must be the reason for its own existence or not. If not will end up going back infinitely searching for cause. Therefore we must come to a being which is the reason for its own existence. For Copleston this being would be God

Question 29

Explain the domino example with infinite regress

Answer 29

That when you push one domino over it would cause all the other dominos to fall over. However the first domino cant fall over on its own accord and needs something to push it over. Hence for many people when we push the first domino over is the same as god pushing the world into motion.

Question 30

What is the principle of sufficient reason

Answer 30

Any contingent fact about the world had an explanation

Question 31

What is necessary and contingent being for Copleston God is necessary what quote backs this

Answer 31

"I should say the universe is just there and that's all"

Question 32

We cant ever be certain of the cause of the universe as never have empirical evidence of it. Concept of cause is not applicable to the universe. What is the universe for Russell?

Answer 32

Brute fact

Question 33

What did Herbert McCabe say to challenge Russell

Answer 33

say the universe is 'just there' is to make a comment as 'dogs are just there' and is arbitrary

Question 34

Example how McCade idea of the dog not being useful

Answer 34

We know the answer to why dogs are here but not the universe yet. We shouldn't stop looking because we never always knew where dogs were caused

Question 35

By saying that god is the cause of the universe might raise some more questions like what?

Answer 35

Why is there evil and suffering? EG terriost attacks like IRA bombings, 9/11 Natural disasters - 2004 boxing day Tsunami 2005 hurricane Katrina 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

Question 36

Concept of necessary being =

Answer 36

meaningless

Question 37

What happens if we say that God was a necessary being

Answer 37

Would put God on a unique category that we cannot possibly understand

Question 38

What happens when a argument/ concept is not logically plausible

Answer 38

it becomes less convincing

Question 39

It could be seen to be wrong that because the parts of the universe have a cause, it wrong to say the universe itself has a cause Quote

Answer 39

"every man that exists has a mother, therefore the human race have a mother"

Question 40

What is one of the fallacy of composition mistakes

Answer 40

That saying what is true of the part of something must mean its true of the whole thing

Question 41

Fallacy of compositions based on the idea the cosmological argument uses deductive reasoning incorrectly. But what is deductive reasoning

Answer 41

The premise of an argument are true, then the conclusion is true

Question 42

What makes this argument inductive

Answer 42

Because the conclusion is probable

Question 43

What did Russell say about scientists

Answer 43

still discovering "first cause which havent in themselves got causes"

Question 44

What did scientists say the first cause or the starting point was

Answer 44

The big bang

Question 45

What are 2 quotes that for David Humes

Answer 45

"What we know begins with our sense" "A wise man proportions his beliefs to the evidence"