Costa and Mccrae Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the important themes in trait approach to personality (7)
Focus on stability
Incorporation of biological evidence
based on Inductive approach
Clear application and research oriented
attempts to provide a parsimonious solution to human individual differences
incorporates or has developed statistical approaches like Factor analysis
like allport, theres emphasis on objective data
Early approaches of traits
in literature, words were used to describe stable characteristics of individuals
eg. Heros are just and righteous while villains are evil, sly
it gives us a stable. characteristic.
What is trait in ancient greece according to hippocrate
individual enduring temperament
aka typical reaction patterns in terms of humours (how the bodily fluids interacted)
What did THeophrastus create
character sketches in various plays and dramas
What are the 4 humours or enduring temperament
Sanguine
Phlegmatic (phleg, relaxed)
melancholic (perfectionist)
choleric (cheerful)
how did traits began with Charles darwin
physical attributes are normally linked to natural selection
so enduring patterns of behavior could also be built through natural selections
What did Galton measure
variability in what we thought was inherited human abilities and intelligence
What did the development of statistical techniques help us with
it helped us search for core or basic traits that accounted for the human variability
What is Lexical Hypothesis
personality characteristic that are important in people’s lives will become part of a language
means that if a trait is important, language evolves to have many words for it.
it also depends on the community
how does Lexical Hypothesis relate to trait approaches to personality?
The lexical hypothesis suggests that the most important personality characteristics will become part of a language, especially as single words. It serves as the basis for many trait approaches to personality
traits and popular culture
we often measure personality using trivia quizzes like what type of harry potter character are you
What is factor analysis
examining the correlation between scores on a measure to determine a set of underlying factors
How does it defer from data reduction technique
Factor analysis: – used to summarize a wide range of data.
Data reduction technique : gets rid of redundant information
What did Raymond Cattell do
he used the factor analysis method to build simple models of personality from allport and Odbert
How did the factor analysis process go for Raymond Cattell
he went from 35 Primary traits
23 were normal population
12 were for pathological dimensions
the out of these 16 became basic or normal personality factors
What were the 3 kinds of data used by Cattell to build his model
L data
Q data
T data
L data
information from a person’s life record based on other’s observations
Q data
informations from questionnaires and subjective descriptions
T data
Information from objective tests
Unipolar and bipolar traits
Unipolar = zero to a higher amount
Bipolar = extending from + to -, with zero with the midpoint
How does Orthogonal and Oblique rotations differ
Orthogonal = assumes independence of primary factors
Oblique = assumes some correlations between factors
What are the big five
Openness
conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreableness
Neuroticism
Openness
being original and open to new ideas vs conventional and narrow in interest
