Cough 2 Flashcards
(62 cards)
Which one (IAD or RAO) have the following characteristics:
- Occasional cough
- -Poor performance
- No increase RR
IAD (Inflammatory Airway Dz)
Which one (IAD or RAO) have the following characteristics:
- Regular to frequency cough
- exercise intolerance
- increased respiratory effort
RAO
What age group is affected by IAD & RAO
- IAD =
- RAO=
Age groups
IAD= young -middle aged (any age)
RADO = >7 yo
Which disease can be controlled but NOT cured (IAD or RAO)
RAO
– last for weeks, improve with strict environmental control or tx
Which disease often improves spontaneously or with minor tx (IAD or RAO)
IAD
Which disease is often seasonal (pollens or allergens)
RAO
– IAD is not seasonal = can seem seasonal if the horse only races once a year
Which disease is associated with the following (IAD or RAO)
- Airway hyper-responsiveness
- Ariway obstruction
- Airway remodeling
Both RAO and IAD:
- Airway hyper-responsiveness
- Airway obstruction
- Airway remodeling
What did RAO used to be referred to:
COPD
- no longer called COPD
- Preferred name is RAO or “Heaves”
T/F: both IAD and RAO are considered equine asthma
True
– both IAD and RAO represent a spectrum of chronic inflammatory dz of airway.
Term to describe mild (IAD) to severe (RAO) airway disease
Equine Asthma
- IAD does not necessarily develop to RAO over time
- -No evidence of mild case (IAD) will increase the risk of developing RAO
IAD is most noticeable in what type of horses
Athletic horses
- -IAD most noticeable in athletic horses
- -Main contributor is the high levels of particulates in the environment (viral, bacterial, or genetic predisposition).
The main contributor to IAD is the high levels of:
High levels of particulates in the environment – Viral / Bacteria/ Genetic predisposition.
For IAD, elevated _____ cells in BAL suggest a degree of allergic response
Mast cells
– no evidence of IgE involvement in IAD
If all other test seem normal but the horse still has poor performance then consider what disease
IAD
– run BAL to see mast cells
Diagnostic of choice for IAD
BAL – to see mast cells
or pulmonary function test
T/F: For IAD, You want to have surfactant in the BAL sample bc I will make a buffer coat of white foamy bubbles which proves you are deep all the way to the alveoli
True
- -Neutrophils >10%
- Mast cells >5%
- -Eosinophils >5%
What is the test that evaluates if the animal has adequate airflow
Pulmonary function test
- Oscillometry or plethysmography
- determents: Pressure, Volume and flow
What test quantifies the hyperresponsiveness of the airway
Histamine Bronchoprovocation
- Get baseline first
- take histamine and nebulize the horse causing bronchoconstriction
- this quantifies the hyperresponsiveness of the airway by increasing the amount to see how reactive they are.
Common condition in mature horses of the Northern hemisphere
RAO
What is the inflammatory condition of the lower respiratory tract that is caused by an environmental source
RAO
Which disease (IAD or RAO) is associated with excessive mucus production & reversible bronchospasm (bronchoconstriction)
RAO characterized by:
- Excessive mucus production
- Neutrophil accumulation
- Bronchial hyperreactivity
- Reversible bronchospasm (bronchoconstriction)
What type is RAO associated with:
Wet and cool climate = RAO
– rarely occurs in warm dry areas
RAO usually occurs during poor ventilation (dusty, moldy hay (round bales), dust, pollen and mold exposure). When does exposure occur:
Exposure occurring 1 to 3 months previously
Key to diagnosis of ROA:
Nostril flaring and a markedly accentuated EXPIRATORY effort (heave)
other signs:
- Nasal Discharge may not be evident
- -Tachypnea (resp rate exceed 40 breaths/min)
