Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Small Animal Medicine > Cough Diseases > Flashcards

Cough Diseases Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When a dog presents with a cough, what differentials are more likely for an older dog vs. a younger dog?

A

Young: infectious

Older: chronic bronchitis, neoplasia, cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If an animal is coughing due to CHF, it should be tachycardic. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What easy diagnostic test should be performed on all animals with a chronic cough?

A

fecal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common parasite found in the lungs of dogs to cause clinical disease?

A

Filaroides osleri (canine lungworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If a feline presents with a chronic illness, which diagnostic tests should be performed?

A

FeLV and FIV snap tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of radiograph should be taken to see an intrathoracic collapse? Extrathoracic collapse?

A

Intra= expiratory film

Extra= inspiratory film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When would performing a transthoracic aspirate be indicated?

A

diffuse pulmonary disease

solitary lung mass

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the location used for obtaining a transthoracic aspirate with diffuse disease?

A

7-9th intercostal spaces

2/3 the distance from the costochondral junction to the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common complication of transthoracic aspirates?

A

pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is a tracheal wash indicated? When would it not be helpful for diagnosis?

A

Indicated for airway and diffuse alveolar disease

Not helpful with interstitial and focal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For a transtracheal wash, where is the catheter inserted?

A

cricothyroid ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which procedure requires general anesthesia (TTW) or (Endotracheal wash)?

A

Endotracheal wash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main purpose of performing a bronchoscopy?

A

collect samples from the lower respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is BAL indicated?

A

Diseases affecting the small airways, alveoli, +/- interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cell type should predominate on cytological analysis of BAL?

A

large mononuclear cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of acute cough?

A

Most common: Pneumonia & CN Infectious respiratory disease

Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE)

Intrathoracic tracheal or bronchial foreign body

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy

Post-nasal drip Hemorrhage

Congestive Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F Dogs with CN Infectious respiratory disease typically have systemic signs of illness.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does CIRD need to be treated?

A

Depends on if it’s complicated or not

Uncomplicated- often self-limiting (1-3 weeks) abx not usually needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which abx if used are a good first choice for CIRD?

A

Doxycycline

trimethoprim/sulfas
amoxicillin-clavulanate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antitussive therapy is contraindicated in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a good first line choice for bacterial pneumonia in terms of abx? How long should your course be?

A

Ampicillin, cefazolin, TMS, aminoglycoside
1 week past resolution of clinical signs and rads signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What virus is most likely to result in pneumonia?

A

distemper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference in the type of inflammation seen with bacterial vs. fungal pneumonia?

A

Bacterial: neutrophilic

Fungal: pyogranulomatous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long should your course of antifungals be for a fungal pneumonia?

A

3 months past resolution of clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What radiographic signs will be evident with aspiration pneumonia?
an alveolar pattern in the R-middle lung lobe +/- megaesophagus
26
When would abx be indicated in a patient with aspiration pneumonia?
no improvement after 2-3 days inflammatory leukogram is getting worse fever develops animal has been on H2/PPI
27
Differentials for chronic cough
collapsing trachea chronic bronchitis (canines) Bronchiectasis Parasites eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy Primary ciliary dyskinesis others (Feline bronchitis/asthma, pulmonary neoplasia, cardiac disease heart enlargement/CHF)
28
Tracheal collapse results from narrowing of the tracheal lumen from what two processes?
flattening of the cartilaginous rings redundancy of the dorsal tracheal membrane
29
Which age and breed of dog are most predisposed to tracheal collapse?
toy breeds middle age to older
30
What is the classic sign associated with tracheal collape?
goose honk
31
When performing radiographs, when will you be able to visualize intra vs. extra-thoracic collapse?
Intrathroacic= expiratory films Extrathoracic= inspiratory films
32
A 10-year-old Yorkie presents with tracheal collapse and is in respiratory distress. What is the emergency treatment? Why are opioids often added to the treatment plan?
Oxygen therapy +/- intubation/tracheostomy Anxiolytic PRN (diazepam/ace) + opioid (butorphanol/hydro) Anti-inflammatory
33
What environmental changes can be made to improve tracheal collapse?
weight management reduce exposure to respiratory irritants (smoke) minimize exercise replace collar with harness
34
What are the two preferred antitussives to use with tracheal collapse?
butorphanol hydrocodone
35
How does Lomotil (diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine) act to help with medical management for tracheal collapse?
diphenoxylate = acts as opioid antitussive atropine= reduces the amount of mucus secreted by the lower airways + an antimuscarinic bronchodilator
36
What two side effects of steroids make their use in cases of tracheal collapse less desirable?
tachypnea weight gain
37
When would bronchodilators (methyllxanthines and beta agonists) be considered for use in cases of tracheal collapse?
WITH concurrent small airway disease
38
What is the salvage procedure performed for tracheal collapse? What are the associated complications?
placement of internal stents for an extrathoracic collapse infection, stent fracture or migration, obstruction from granulation tissue
39
What is the most common sign for chronic canine bronchitis?
dry cough exacerbated by exercise/excitement progressively getting worse over weeks-years
40
Culture (mycoplasma & aerobic) should always be done on chronic canine bronchitis cases. T/F?
TRUE
41
What treatment is generally most important for reducing clinical signs with CN chronic bronchitis?
Glucocorticoids (prednisone 1 mg/kg for 10 days, then taper 0.5-1 mg/kg q 48hrs)
42
Why is the treatment for CN chronic bronchitis more focused on reduction of clinical signs rather than a cure?
most of the damage to the lungs is irreversible
43
What is the MOA for B-agonists in acting as a bronchodilator to help with canine chronic bronchitis?
relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle increased mucociliary transport rates stabilization of mast cell membranes reduction in vascular permeability
44
When are bronchodilators indicated in a dog with chronic bronchitis?
exercise intolerance or wheezing
45
A canine presents with chronic bronchitis and is wheezing constantly the owner reports. What would be your treatment plan?
Glucocorticoids (Pred 1 mg/kg then taper) Bronchodilator (tertbutaline 1 mg/kg BID/albuterol 0.02 BID mg/kg 5 days, then 0.05 mg/kg if no improvement, d/c after 2 weeks no improvement or methlxanthines can be used)
46
A Golden Retriever with chronic bronchitis was given a bronchodilator. What are the side effects of B-agonists and methylxanthines that you would expect?
Both restlessness B-agonists: skeletal muscle tremors
47
What would be indications for use of abx in canine chronic bronchitis?
Evidence of bronchiectasis in a newly dx animal Acute exacerbation of signs
48
What # of bacterial colony count are significant and would indicate abx use in cases of CN chronic bronchitis?
1 x 10^4 organisms/mL
49
A 8 year old beagle with chronic bronchitis has a dry, non-productive cough that keeps both the dog and owner up at night. What treatment is an option for this dog? What is the most common side effect?
Cough suppressant: Hydrocodone bitartrate (0.22 mg/kg 2-4x/day) Side effects: drowsiness & constipation
50
What is the major benefit to administering inhaled steroids (e.g. fluticasone and beclamethasone) vs. oral steroids?
Less systemic effects of steroids
51
In general what the treatment options for canine chronic bronchitis?
Glucocorticoids Bronchodilators w/ EI or wheezing Abx w/ significant culture Cough suppressants when dry, nonproductive & disruptive
52
Define Bronchiectasis
permanent dilation of the bronchi
53
What is often indicated in the treatment of bronchiectasis?
antibiotics b/c susceptible to infection
54
What are the primary parasites of the lungs?
Oslerus (Filaroides) osleri Paragonimus kellicotti Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
55
In which species of parasites are larval migrans through the lungs common?
Toxocara spp Ancylostomum Strongyloides
56
What is the cause of eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy?
Idiopathic
57
What is the most common clinical sign of EBP and what age are the dogs with this condition typically?
A cough is the most common clinical sign, occurring in the majority of dogs (4-6 yrs, young adults). The cough is usually harsh and sonorous, persistent, and frequently followed by gagging and retching
58
What are the rule outs often associated with EBP?
heartworm dz parasites lymphoma
59
What pattern is often seen with EBP?
bronchointerstitial
60
On a BAL from a dog you suspect to have EBP, what would be a supportive finding?
increase in the total number of cells in the fluid as increase in the percentage of eosinophils (up to 25%) and neutrophils
61
What is the treatment for EBP?
STEROIDS
62
What is the congenital defect associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesis? Which age & breed of dog are over-represented?
congenital defect/s in the ciliary microtubule structure \< 2 year old English Pointers and Springer spaniels
63
A 1 year old dog presents for recurrent respiratory infections. What is a key differential to have on your list? What is the prognosis?
Primary ciliary dyskinesis Poor
64
A young dog with primary ciliary dyskinesis often also has what other concurrent conditions?
Infertile (cilia of sperm/fallopian tubes does not fxn properly) Otitis externa
65
What differentials are common for acute cough?
Tracheitis/tracheobronchitis pneumonia, PTE Parasites (or chronic) CHF
66
What differentials are common for chronic cough?
tracheitis/tracheobronchitis Bronchitis asthma bronchiectasis parasites atrial enlargement/pulmonary hypertension
67

Small Animal Medicine (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions