COURSE 1 - ETHICS PT 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
whats the definition of ethics
moral principles - govern a personal behaviour or conducting of an activitiy - affects how we make a decision
- weighing up whats good for individuals and society
what can ethics be sub divided into…
- romantic - virtue
- teleological i.e. utilitarian
- obligation - deontological
how to describe virtue ethics
- cahracter based - justice, cahrity, generosity - benefit person possessing them and their society
how to describe deontology based ethics
- based on duty or obligation - concept of duty = central to morality - encouraging others to do the right thing - even it produced more harm than doing the wrong thing
how would you prescribe the teleological (utilitarian) ethics
- pricniple of conduct - should be greatest benefit to the greatest number of people - distinguishes between right and wrong in relation to happiness ror pain
for animal testing what ethics type do we apply
utilitarian
how do we apply utalitarian ethics to animal testing
justify what we do to animals by the benefots we obtain by using them - consider harm vs benefitys -
- apply 3Rs so the greatest beenfits for the least harm
how would the ethics of animal testing be balanced
- animals can suffer - so actions causing suffering = unacceptable but not absolutely unacceptable
- however - desirable and proportional consequence cna justify infliction of a acceptable level of suffering
how do nuffield council apply bioethics
- wrong morally to inflict sufferring on animlas for human beneft
- also morally wrong to let humans suffer - not using aniamls to develop better treatment for disease
there are different defintitions of the the care of animal welfare
how do we define conditions of care
+ve conditions provided to the animals
what are the 5 freedoms approach
- freedoms from thirst or hunger
- freedom from discomfort
- freedom from pain, injury and disease
- freedom to express normal behaviour
- freedom from fear and distress
how does john webster define animal welfare - 3 positive conditions
- living a natural life, being fit and healthy and being happy
how was resproduction applied to animal welfare
- applied farm animal production - based on belief that if aniaml = producing well = animal = happy
how is reproduction assessing animal welfare - flawed
- farm aniamls can remain to reproduce well - even in poor conditions
how does the feeling of aniamls affect animal welfare?
indicates belief that aniamls = consdered as sentient beings - despite difficultures in measuring welfare
how does the dictionary define animal welfare?
- avoid abuse and exploitation
- maintain appropriate standard conditions
what are the examples of standard conditions for animal welfare
- accomodation, feeding, general care, preventiona dn treatment of diseases, assurance of freedom from harassment, unecessary discomfort and painh
how does the american vet medical assocaited define aniaml welfare as…
animal - good state of welfare = health, comfortable, well nourished, safe, innate behaviour, not suffering from unpleasant state such as pain fear and distress
what are the 8 principles - developing and evalulating aniamls welfare policies
- resposible use of animals
- decisions regarding animal care, use and welfre- shall be made by balancing scientific knowledge and professional jusdgement - considering of ethical adn sociatal values
- provide animals - food, water healthcare, environment, handling
- aniamsl = cared to minimize pain - stress feat etc
- procedures - aniaml manaement = continously evalulated
- conservation and management = of animal population = humane, socially responsible and scientifically prudent
- animals - treated with respect and dignity - humane death
- vet professional - strive to improve animal health and welfare- through scientific research, ediucation collaboration, advocacy, development of legislationa dn regulations
how does the terrestrial aniaml health code of world organisation for animal health - defines aniaml welfare as….
- how animal = copes with conditions it lives - animal welfare = states of aniamls is healthy comfortable, well nourished, safe - able to express innnate behaviour and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states i.e. pain, fear, distress
- good animal welfare requires disease prevention and vet treatment, appropriate shelter, amangement nutritiions, huamne andling, humane slaughter/ killing
aniaml welfare - refers to state of animal - treatment than an animal receives = covered by other terms i.e. animal care, aniamls husbandary and humane treatment
how does donald bloom defines welfare of an animal
- regards - in attempt tp cope with it environment
- state - includes the extent to whcih it is successing - how much i has to cope - in failing to cope and associated feeling
- welfare - vary over a continum - from very good to very poor - studies of welfare = most effective - wide range of measures is used
why was donald boom - definition of welfare - critized
no atempt to define what constitutes good or bad welfare
as seen in defintion - aniaml welfare is not absolute state - assessment of specific situation. what considerations = measured independently of any ethical considerations?
- weflare ranges - good to poor
- concept - parallel to OMS - health concept for humans - metal as well as physical
- biology and ethology of animal = must known to evalulate its aniamls welfare
- starting point - any aniaml welfare assessment - recognise aniamls = sentient being - should be treated in way that all unnecessary paina nd suffering avoided
what types of aniamals does animal welfare apply to
- all animals under human care
- lab animals
farm animals
work animals
companion animals
