Course 1 Week 5 - Introduction to Software, Types of Software, Revisiting Abstraction, Managing Software

Question 1

How is software and hardware different?

Answer 1

Hardware physical
Software instructions that tell the hardware what to do (something that’s been programmed)

Question 2

What is coding?

Answer 2

translating one language to another

Question 3

What are scripts?

Answer 3

used to perform a single or limited range task

(automate something, for example)

Question 4

What is programming?

Answer 4

Coding in a programming language

instructions for computers to execute

Question 5

What are 3 scripting languages for Windows?

Answer 5

1. PowerShell .ps1
2. Batch scripts .bat
3. Visual Basic script .vbs

Question 6

What’s the scripting language for Linux/Unix?

Answer 6

Shell script(.sh)

Question 7

Which Windows script would you use to set up an employees’ workspace when turning on PC?

Answer 7

batch scripts .bat

Question 8

What type of shells do Shell scripts run in?

Answer 8

Common-Line Interpreter (CLI) shells like BASH

Question 9

What platform is the PowerShell scripting language built on?

Answer 9

.NET platform

Question 10

What are 4 things that the .SHell (.sh) script is often used for?

Answer 10

1. manipulating files
2. executing programs
3. printing
4. OS navigation

Linux/Unix

Question 11

What are batch (.bat) scripts used for?

Answer 11

Simple tasks like telling a set of programs to run when computer boots up

Question 12

What is the most common programming language used in the world? What are 5 things it’s used in?

Answer 12

1. JavaScript (.js)
2. Web Dev, Applications, Games, Automate Web servers, develop software

Question 13

Which is an excellent script for automation?

Answer 13

Python (.py)

Question 14

What’s the best script tool to restart machines? 2

Answer 14

PowerShell .ps1

or

shell .sh

Question 15

What’s the best script tool to map network drives?

Answer 15

Used to be .bat or .vbs

now is PowerShell .ps1 and shell .sh

Question 16

Best script tool to install applications/automated software installation?

Answer 16

batch files .bat and shell scripts .sh

Question 17

Best script tool for automated backups?

Answer 17

PowerShell .ps1

Shell .sh

Question 18

Best script tool for gathering of information and data?

Answer 18

Python .py

has many available libraries to help with this task

Question 19

Best script tool for initiating updates?

Answer 19

PowerShell .ps1

Shell .sh

Question 20

What are 3 security risks of scripts?

Answer 20

1. Unintentionally introducing malware
2. Inadvertently changing system settings
3. Browser/system crashes due to mishandling of resources

Question 21

What is application software?

Answer 21

software created to fulfill a specific need

(text editor, web browser, graphic editor, video editor)

Question 22

What is system software?

Answer 22

software used to keep core system running like OS tool and utilities

Question 23

What is firmware?

Answer 23

Software that’s permanently stored on a computer component

Question 24

What is an instruction set?

Answer 24

CPU uses this to run binary commands received

Question 25

What is assembly language? What did it come before?

Answer 25

Allowed computer scientists to use instructions humans could read, assembled into code, so that the machines could understand Came before compiled programming languages

Question 26

What is assembly language?

Answer 26

Allowed computer scientists to use instructions humans could read, assembled into code that a machine could understand Came before compiled programming languages

Question 27

What are compiled programming languages?

Answer 27

Uses instructions humans can read, then sends them through a compiler (turns into machine instructions)

Question 28

What are interpreted languages?

Answer 28

Aren't compiled ahead of time

Question 29

When a file has a code that's written in an interpreted language, what is it called?

Answer 29

A script

Question 30

What is a script run by? What's the process?

Answer 30

An interpreter interprets the code into CPU instructions just in time to run them

Question 31

When a file has a code that's written in an interpreted language, what is it called?

Answer 31

A script

Question 31

What is a script run by? What's the process?

Answer 31

An interpreter interprets the code into CPU instructions just in time to run them

Question 31

As an IT support specialist, you are required to do what with software?

Answer 31

Check the license agreement before installing

Question 32

As an IT specialist, what 4 things should you make sure you do with software?

Answer 32

1. always test new software before letting company use it 2. Don't run old software as you risk being exposed to cyber attacks from software bugs being exposed 3. Update software constantly 4. Check software source before installing

Question 33

Define a 'software bug'?

Answer 33

an error in software that causes unexpected results

Question 34

What is Git?

Answer 34

a version control system that helps keep track of changes made to files and directories Like in Word has revision history

Question 35

What is .exe?

Answer 35

Windows file extension= executable file

Question 36

With what command do we tell Linux we're authorized to install software?

Answer 36

sudo super user do

Question 37

What command in Linux (ubuntu) lets us install Git software?

Answer 37

apt followed with install/remove programname

Question 38

In Linux how do we uninstall a program? What's the command?

Answer 38

sudo apt-get remove programname

Question 39

In Linux how do we search for if a program is installed on Linux?

Answer 39

dpkg -s programname

Question 40

In Linux, how do you update the repository (storage box of common programs on machine)?

Answer 40

sudo apt-get update

Question 41

In Linux how do you install a program?

Answer 41

sudo apt-get install programname

Question 42

In Linux, how do you force an update of the package manager?

Answer 42

sudo apt-get install -f (for after you search for a program and it's out of date)