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Medical Scribe > Course 4: Physical Exam > Flashcards

Course 4: Physical Exam Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 8 systems covered in a PE?

A
  • Eyes: PERRL= Pupils are equal round and responsive to light
  • ENT: Moist mucosa membranes
  • Neck: Supple, No Lymphadenopathy (no swollen lymph nodes
  • Cardiovascular: Regular rate & rhythm and heart sounds normal. Well perfused (Blood is flowing appropriately)
  • Respiratory: No issues breathing, CTAB (clear to auscultation bilaterally)
  • Extremities: No edema
  • Skin: Dry, no rash
  • Gastrointestinal: non-distended (not enlarged, normal size)
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2
Q

Define perfusion

A

flow of blood through the body’s blood vessels. (Pulse)

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3
Q

What is the normal GCS for people?

A

a Nml GCS adds up to 15

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4
Q

If there is unilateral edema what might be the DDx?

A

DVT

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5
Q

If there is bilateral edema what might be the DDx?

A

CHF

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6
Q

Define anicteric

A

normal sclera

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7
Q

Define icteric

A

yellowing of the eye

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8
Q

Define CVA tenderness in a PE

A

Costovertebral Angle

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9
Q

Why would a physician conduct a CVA tenderness PE?

A

To check the Flank area of the body where the kidneys are located. The Physician might suspect the Pt. to have a kidney stone or pyelo

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10
Q

What is a normal general/constitutional PE?

A
  • No Acute Distress (NAD)
  • Well nourished, Well developed
  • Alert
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11
Q

What is an abnormal General/Constitutional PE?

A

•Mild/moderate/severe distress (due to pain)
•Emaciated/Malnourished/Cachetic
•Unresponsive: no rxn to a stimulus
—Somnolent: drowsy, sleepy and postictal (confused, drowsy nausea, non with sz)
–Obtunded: slowed respond to the environment
———-Both obtunded and somnolent Pt. will give some response to stimuli

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12
Q

What is the normal PE of the Head?

A

-Atraumatic and Normocephalic (AT/NC)

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13
Q

What is the abnormal PE of the head?

A

Any signs of trauma, Sinus tenderness (Sinusitis)

Angioedema (Allegric reaction)

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14
Q

What is the normal PE of the Eyes?

A

PERRL: Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to light
EOMI: Extraocular movement intact
Sclerae Anicteric
Normal conjunctiva (mucous membrane that lines the eye)

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15
Q

What is the abnormal PE of the eyes?

A 
Anisocoria (Unequal pupils)
EOM entrapment
Scleral icterus (liver failure)
Pale conjunctiva
Conjunctival injection (redness)
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16
Q

Define Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil

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17
Q

What does EOM entrapment mean?

A

The Extraocular movement is not intact

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18
Q

What does scleral icterus indicates?

A

liver failure

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19
Q

What is conjunctiva injection?

A

Redness of the conjunctiva

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20
Q

What tool is used for an internal PE of the eye?

A

Ophthalmoscope

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21
Q

What tool is used for an external PE of the eye?

Study These Flashcards
A

Wood’s lamp or fluorescein uptake

22
Q

Which would be used to look at a corneal abrasion Wood’s lamp or fluorescein uptake?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fluorescein uptake

23
Q

Define papilledema

Study These Flashcards
A

optic nerve at the back of the eye becomes swollen.

24
Q

Defien hyphema

Study These Flashcards
A

collection of blood in the eye caused by trauma

25
What are abnormal finding for a PE of the ear?
``` Bulging of the Tympanic Membrane Erythema of the TM Dullness of the TM TM effusion TM obscured by Cerumen ```
26
Define cerumen
earwax
27
List some abnormal PE of the nose
All are caused by trauma - Epistaxia - Rhinorrhea - septal hematoma - Boggy Turbinates - Nasal deformatity
28
What is septal hematoma
Infection of the septum
29
Define boggy turbinates
swollen inner nose
30
What is the normal PE of the mouth and throat ?
Moist mucous membrane
31
What is the medical terminology for mouth and throat region?
oropharynx (o. ro. phar. ynx)
32
What is the abnormal PE of the mouth and throat ?
- Dry mucous membrane - Dental caries (decay) - Edentulous (toothless) - Pharyngeal edema - Tonsillar asymmetry and uvular shift (symptoms of peri-tonsillar abscess) - Tonsillar exudate (fluid) - Tonsillar hypertrophy (enlargement)
33
A dry mucous membrane is a sign of what?
Dehydration
34
What are symptoms of peritonsillar abscess?
Tonsillar asymmetry and uvular shift
35
What is a normal PE of the neck and cervical spine?
Supple
36
What is a abnormal PE of the neck and cervical spine?
- Thyromegaly - jugular venous distention (JVD) - Carotid bruit - Cervical Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) - Vertebral Point (Midline) vs. Paraspinal Tenderness - Nuchal Rigidity, Meningismus, Limited ROM
37
Define enlarged thyroid
Thyromegaly
38
What is Carotid Bruit?
Auscultate the neck and hear a whoosh sound. This is caused by plac build up
39
Define Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Swollen Lymph nodes
40
Which spinal tenderness would physicians be more concerned about Vertebral Point (Midline) or Paraspinal Tenderness?
They would be most concerned about Vertebral point (midline spinal) tenderness because it could be a spinal fracture possible while Paraspinal tenderness would indicate muscle sprain possibly
41
What are the normal PE for cardiovascular contradictions?
- Regular Rate - Regular rhythm - Heart sounds normal
42
What are the abnormal PE for cardiovascular contradictions?
Tachycardic/Bradycardic (rate) Irregularly irregular (rhythm) Heart sounds: Murmurs, rubs, gallops, extrasystoles (hearts hiccups)
43
List the type of pulse that is found in a Perfusion PE.
``` Radial Pulse (forearm) Carotid pulse (neck) Femoral pulse (hip) Dorsails Pedis (DP) pulse (above the foot) Posterior Tibial (PT) pulse (ankle) ```
44
what is the medical term for rhythm?
Cadence
45
What are the normal PE for perfusion ?
Pulses equal and symmetric, Capillary refill less than 2 seconds
46
What is the normal value of a pulse?
2+ = easily palpable (normal)
47
What are the normal PE for pulmonary?
No respiratory distress | CTAB (Clear to auscultation Bilaterally
48
What does CTAB stand for?
Clear to auscultation Bilaterally
49
What are the abnormal PE for pulmonary?
-Mild/moderate/severe respiratory distress - Tachypnea -Accessory muscle use -diminished breath sounds -wheezes Rales (crackles) -Rhonchi
50
What are indications of respiratory distress?
- Mild/moderate/severe respiratory distress - Tachypnea - Accessory muscle use
51
What are indications of unclear to auscultation bilaterally?
diminished breath sounds -wheezes Rales (crackles) -Rhonchi

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