Covid-19

Question 1

What does the delivery system of a virus do

Answer 1

Protect it against degradation, helps bind target cells to host

Question 2

Payload of a virus contains

Answer 2

Genome and enzymes

Question 3

Genetic material of coronavirus

Answer 3

+ ssRNA

28-32 kilo base pairs

Question 4

Major surface antigen

Answer 4

Spike (S) glycoprotein

Question 5

Structure of coronavirus

Answer 5

Spike glycoprotein S
Membrane protein M 
Envelope glycoprotein E 
Nucleocapsid protein N and ssRNA
Lipid bilayer

Question 6

SARS-CoV-1 binds to

Answer 6

Ace2 protein

Question 7

Barriers to entry via respiratory route of coronavirus

Answer 7

Thick glycocalyx and tracheobronchial mucus cover respiratory epithelial cells

Mucocilliary escalator

Secretory IgA, natural killer cells and macrophages

Question 8

How does coronavirus enter cells

Answer 8

Spike glycoprotein on surface
ACE2 receptor
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 9

Replication of coronavirus

Answer 9

+ssRNA to -ssRNA by RdRp, transcribed
Replicated to +ssRNA
Assembly into nucleocapsids and viral proteins

Question 10

Quantitative reverse transcription PCR method

Answer 10

NP swab, extract RNA, convert to DNA, amplify by PCR with specific primers, presence of viral RNA indicates active infection

Question 11

How does a LFT work

Answer 11

Saliva sample combined with antibodies, antigens from virus bond to antibodies,

Question 12

What leads to mutations

Answer 12

High error rate and lack of proof reading

Question 13

4 different types of COVID vaccine

Answer 13

Viral vector, RNA, Whole virus, protein sub unit