CPH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Question 1

The study and management of environmental conditions that affect our health and well-being

Answer 1

Environmental health

Question 2

Factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death

Answer 2

Environmental hazards

Question 3

means poisonous or dangerous.

Answer 3

Toxic

Question 4

the study of poisons.

Answer 4

toxicology

Question 5

a measure of how
dangerous a substance is.

Answer 5

toxicity

Question 6

Total amount of a hazard that
well-being comes in direct contact with your
body.

Answer 6

exposure

Question 7

harmful substances can occur from
contaminated food, water, or licking/chewing on
contaminated objects or surfaces.

Answer 7

Ingestion

Question 8

Absorption of hazards via the respiratory tract (lungs).

Answer 8

Inhalation

Question 9

Some hazards can be absorbed by the eyes and skin, leading
to hazard exposure.

Answer 9

Dermal Absorption

Question 10

Amount of the hazard that actually
enters your body.

Answer 10

Dose/response

Question 11

means
that everyone has a right to live in an
environment that doesn’t make them
sick, regardless of their race, culture, or income

Answer 11

Environmental Justice (EJ)

Question 12

Accessing information from sources like the library, city hall, and online platforms equips individuals with knowledge.

Answer 12

Community resources & action

Question 13

the contamination of the air by
substances gases, liquids, or solids-in amounts great
enough to harm humans, the environment, or that alter
climate

Answer 13

Air pollution

Question 14

include dust storms, forest fires, and
volcanic eruptions

Answer 14

Natural sources

Question 15

Can be divided into mobile sources, such as motor vehicle, stationary sources, such as power plants and factories

Answer 15

Human sources

Question 16

Air pollutant emanating directly from transportation, power and industrial plants, and refineries

Answer 16

Primary pollutant

Question 17

formed when primary
air pollutants react with sunlight and other atmospheric
components to form new harmful compounds.

Answer 17

Secondary pollutant

Question 18

haze or fog formed when air
pollutants interact with sunlight, also known as brown smog

Answer 18

Photochemical smog

Question 19

haze or fog formed primarily by sulfur
dioxide and suspended particles from the burning of coal, also
known as gray smog

Answer 19

Industrial smog

Question 20

an inorganic molecule considered to be a
pollutant in the atmosphere because it harms human tissue,
but considered beneficial in the stratosphere because it screens
out UV radiation

Answer 20

Ozone(O3)

Question 21

a naturally occurring mineral fiber that was
commonly used as insulation and fireproofing material.

Answer 21

Asbestos

Question 22

are airborne materials of biological
origin such as living and nonliving fungi and their toxins,
bacteria, viruses, molds, pollens, insect parts, and animal
dander. They normally enter the human body by being
inhaled.

Answer 22

Biogenic pollutants

Question 23

gases and particulates generated
by burning

Answer 23

Combustion by-products

Question 24

compound that exists as
vapor over the normal range of air pressures and temperatures

Answer 24

Volatile organic compound (VOC)

Question 25

a naturally occurring color- less, tasteless, odorless, radioactive gas formed during the radioactive decay of uranium-238

Answer 25

Radon

Question 26

fungi that spread and repro- duce by making spores; grow best in warm, damp, and humid conditions; and can cause respiratory difficulties for sensitive people

Answer 26

Mold

Question 27

also known as secondhand smoke, tobacco smoke in the environment that is a mixture of mainstream and side- stream smoke that can be inhaled by nearby or transient nonsmokers

Answer 27

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)

Question 28

any body of water found on Earth's surface, including both the saltwater in the ocean and the freshwater in rivers, streams, and lakes.

Answer 28

Surface Water

Question 29

the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers.

Answer 29

Groundwater

Question 30

Occurs when harmful substances often chemicals or microorganisms contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment

Answer 30

Water pollution

Question 31

occurs when contaminants, such as pesticides, fertilizers, and waste from landfills and septic systems, infiltrate an aquifer:

Answer 31

Groundwater pollution

Question 32

usually from fertilizers and other harmful chemicals that are used on farms, in homes, and on infrastructure such as roads.

Answer 32

SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

Question 33

Also called marine pollution, is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean.

Answer 33

OCEAN WATER POLLUTION

Question 34

When contamination originates from a single source, it's called

Answer 34

Point Source Pollution

Question 35

contamination derived from diffuse sources.

Answer 35

Nonpoint source pollution

Question 36

the result of contaminated water from one country spilling into the waters of another:

Answer 36

Transboundary pollution

Question 37

can result from a disaster-like an oil spill-or the slow, downriver creep of industrial, agricultural, or municipal discharge.

Answer 37

Contamination

Question 38

Common Types of Water Contamination

Answer 38

*Agricultural * Sewage and wastewater * Oil pollution * Radioactive substances

Question 39

uses around 70% of the Earth's surface water supplies, making it the biggest consumer of freshwater resources.

Answer 39

Agricultural

Question 40

Any water that has been used is referred to as wastewater.

Answer 40

SEWAGE AND WASTEWATER

Question 41

Consumers are the largest contributors to ocean oil pollution, with vehicle drips being a major source.

Answer 41

OIL POLLUTION

Question 42

any pollution that emits radiation beyond what is naturally released by the environment.

Answer 42

Radioactive waste

Question 43

transport and dissemination of infectious agents

Answer 43

rainfall

Question 44

sewage treatment plants overflow; water sources contaminated, secondary shortage of clean drinking water

Answer 44

flooding

Question 45

enhances risk of severe flooding

Answer 45

sea level rise

Question 46

Increases growth and prolongs survival rates of infectious agents

Answer 46

higher temperature

Question 47

increases concentrations of pathogens, impedes hygiene

Answer 47

drought

Question 48

This bacterium is a frequent cause of food poisoning, often transmitted through undercooked meats, unpasteurized dairy products, or contaminated water.

Answer 48

Campylobacter

Question 49

often found in eggs, poultry, and other animal products.

Answer 49

salmonella

Question 50

This bacterium spreads through the urine of infected animals, particularly rodents, and can contaminate soil and water (leptospirosis).

Answer 50

Leptospira

Question 51

are strongly affected by climate conditions, thriving in both fresh and marine waters.

Answer 51

vibrio

Question 52

causes millions of cases of cholera annually, primarily affecting young children in endemic areas

Answer 52

Vibrio cholerae,

Question 53

respiratory illness transmitted solely by water.

Answer 53

Legionella (Legionnaire's Disease)

Question 54

This parasite causes gastrointestinal illness and is often transmitted through livestock waste and contaminated water.

Answer 54

Cryptosporidium

Question 55

is resilient and can form cysts that survive water treatment processes.

Answer 55

Giardia lamblia:

Question 56

This parasite is often linked to fresh produce contaminated by contaminated water sources.

Answer 56

Cyclospora

Question 57

Viruses are heat resistant and likely to survive sewer treatment processes.

Answer 57

VIRAL CONTAMINATION

Question 58

This viral infection affects the liver and is commonly transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Answer 58

Hepatitis A:

Question 59

It's commonly spread through contaminated food, water, and surfaces.

Answer 59

Norovirus and Norwalk virus:

Question 60

This fungus can cause serious respiratory and central nervous system infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. It's commonly found in soil and bird droppings.

Answer 60

Cryptococcus

Question 61

Another fungus commonly found in the environment, can cause respiratory infections in people with weakened immune systems. It's often found in damp or moldy environments.

Answer 61

Aspergillus

Question 62

The major concern of microbiological testing is whether feces have contaminated the water supply, as most of the infectious water-related diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, are caused by

Answer 62

fecal contamination.

Question 63

It may also be necessary to test community water supplies for harmful chemicals.

Answer 63

Chemical Quality

Question 64

This is a visual assessment of the water supply, using standard forms to record information, to see whether fecal pollution exists and whether such pollution could reach the water source.

Answer 64

Sanitary Inspection

Question 65

Where people who live in unsewered areas dispose of their wastewater

Answer 65

SEPTIC SYSTEM