CPL ADDED Flashcards
The ABC on Shazard analysis (ATC)
A–State the Generic Hazard (Hazard Statement)
- Loss of Communication
B–Identify specific components of the hazard.
- Nopositive control
- Disorderly flow of air traffic
- UN-expeditious flow of air traffic
C–Naturally leading to specific consequence/s
- Aircraft colliding with other aircraft
- Aircraft taking wrong route in flight
- Etc
Human Limitations in ADM
- Filtering
- Filling in the Gaps
- Patterns and Expectations
- Confirmation Bias
- Framing
Human Limitations in ADM
Filtering
- Brain’s capacity to take in information, and process that information
- Vital information screened out
Human Limitations in ADM
Filling in the Gaps
- Too much information to process
- Compensated by filling in the gaps
- Interpretation may not be correct
Human Limitations in ADM
Patterns and Expectations
- Existing knowledge is used as a shortcut
- Can be dangerous
Human Limitations in ADM
Confirmation Bias
- Looking for information to confirm our decisions
- We may proceed when we should not
Human Limitations in ADM
Framing
- The perspective you give to your decisions
– Positive Frame
– Negative Frame
Risk Management
Is an important component of ADM
When a pilot follows a good-decision- making practices, the risk in the flight is removed or even eliminated.
“The ability to make good decisions is based upon DIRECT and INDIRECT experience and education”
Commonly knows as “Threat and Error Management”
Hazard vs Risk
Hazard
Hazard is something that has the potential to harm you
Hazard vs Risk
Risk
Risk is likelihood of a hazard causing harm
What is Threat and Error
Management?
Emphasize techniques that people can use to minimize safety risks
Promotes a proactive philosophy and provides
Techniques for maximizing safety margins despite the complexity of one‘s flying environment
Threats
- Defined as events or errors that:
– Occur outside the influence of the flight crew (not caused by the crew)
– Require crew attention and management
Types of Threats
Environmental
Operational
THREE STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL OF HUMAN ERROR
- Error Reduction Strategies
- Capturing Strategies
- Error Tolerance Strategies
THREE STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL OF HUMAN ERROR
Error Reduction Strategies
intervene at the source of the error by reducing or eliminating the contributing factors.
- Human-centered design
- Ergonomic factors
- Training
THREE STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL OF HUMAN ERROR
Capturing Strategies
Intervene once the error has already been made, capturing the error before it generates adverse consequences.
- Checklist
- Task Cards
THREE STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL OF HUMAN ERROR
Error Tolerance Strategies
Intervene to increase the ability of a system to accept errors without serious consequences.
* System Redundancies
* Multiple Inspection Process
Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
- It is defined as the art and science of managing all the resources (both on- board the aircraft and from the outside resources) to ensure the successful outcome of the flight
- It’s all about helping pilots learn how to gather information, analyze it, and make good decisions
OPERATIONAL PITFALLS
- Demonstrating the “Right Stuff”
- Peer Pressure
- Mind Set
- Get – there – itis
- Scud Running
- Continuing VFR
- Loss of Situational Awareness
- Operating w/out adequate fuel reserves
- Flying Outside the Envelope
- Neglect of Flight Planning, Pre-flight inspection and checklist
OPERATIONAL PITFALLS
Demonstrating the “RIGHT STUFF”
– Pilots, particularly those commercial pilot, as a rule always try to complete a flight as planned, please the passenger, meet schedules, and generally demonstrate that they have the ‘right stuff’
OPERATIONAL PITFALLS
Peer Pressure
– emotional response to peers, rather than evaluating a situation objectively.
OPERATIONAL PITFALLS
Mind Set
A pilot displays mind set through an inability to recognize and cope with Changes in a given situation
Growth Mindset - believe that they can learn anything if they put in the work, practice, and effort to learn it.
Fixed Mindset - Think that they cannot increase their skills and knowledge in a particular area.
OPERATIONAL PITFALLS
Get – There – Itis
– The disposition impairs pilot judgment through a fixation on the original goal or destination, combined with a disregard of any alternative course.
OPERATIONAL PITFALLS
Scud Running
– Occurs when a pilot tries to maintain visual contact with the terrain at low altitudes while instrument condition exist
