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Lifeguard > CPR, AED and First Aid > Flashcards

CPR, AED and First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ABC of survival?

A

Airway, Breathing, Circulation

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2
Q

What is the chain of survival?

A

Early recog, early CPR, early defib, post-resus care

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3
Q

What is asphyxia?

A

When the body is deprived of oxygen

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4
Q

What can cause asphyxia?

A

Drowning, tongue blocking airway

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5
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

When the heart stops pumping blood around the body

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6
Q

How many compressions in CPR?

A

30

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7
Q

How many rescue breaths in CPR?

A

2

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8
Q

When do you give 5 initial rescue breaths?

A

Drowned casualty, child and infant

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9
Q

How many hands used for compressions on a child?

A

One

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10
Q

How many fingers used for compressions on an infant?

A

Two

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11
Q

Depth of compressions for an adult?

A

5-6 cm

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12
Q

If tracheostomy, how do you complete rescue breaths?

A

Through the stoma, covering the mouth and nose

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13
Q

Sign of choking

A

Cough, blue face, gripping throat

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14
Q

Symptoms of choking

A

Unable to breathe or speak, distressed

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15
Q

What do you do first with a choking casualty?

A

Encourage them to cough

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16
Q

What do you do second with a choking casualty?

A

5 back blows

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17
Q

What do you do if the back blows fail?

A

5 abdominal thrusts

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18
Q

What do you do for infants if back blows fail?

A

5 chest thrusts

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19
Q

What are the priorities of first aid?

A

Preserve life, Alleviate suffering, Prevent situation from getting worse, Promote casualty recovery

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20
Q

Examples of content of first aid box?

A

Sterile dressing, bandage, gloves

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21
Q

What is a hygiene procedure in first aid?

A

Wear gloves, wash hands

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22
Q

What to do with needles and sharps?

A

Make sure nobody goes near the sharps then move it to the sharps container (not with hands)

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23
Q

What can help you determine history?

A

Medic alert bracelet, witnesses, friends and family

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24
Q

What are symptoms?

A

What the casualty describes the pain to be

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25
Q

What are signs?

A

Something you can see

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26
Q

What is the primary survey?

A

Assessing the Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing and Circulation

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27
Q

What is a secondary survey?

A

Looking for signs and symptoms through a thorough examination of the casualty

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28
Q

Symptom of a heart attack

A

Pain in chest, feeling of impending doom

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29
Q

Sign of a heart attack

A

Pale skin, clutching chest

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30
Q

Treatment of heart attack

A

Half sitting position, loosen clothing, call 999, reassure

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31
Q

Symptom of shock

A

Disorientated, thirst

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32
Q

Sign of shock

A

Pale, blue lips, shallow breathing

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33
Q

Treatment of shock

A

Raise legs, loosen clothing, call 999, reassure

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34
Q

Symptom of asthma

A

Breathing difficulties

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35
Q

Sign of asthma

A

Breathing difficulties, wheezy breathing, anxiety

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36
Q

Treatment of asthma

A

Reassure, comfortable position, assist with medication

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37
Q

Symptom of anaphylactic shock

A

Feeling of terror, impaired breathing

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38
Q

Sign of anaphylactic shock

A

Swelling, rash, difficulty breathing

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39
Q

Treatment of anaphylactic shock

A

Call 999, ask if have an epi-pen, casualty should administer own medication

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40
Q

Symptom of hyperventilation

A

Faint, dizzy, tight chest

41
Q

Sign of hyperventilation

A

Fast and deep breathing

42
Q

Treatment of hyperventilation

A

Quiet area, reassure (calm but firm), encourage slow breaths, small sips of water

43
Q

Bleeding from capillaries

A

Trickle

44
Q

Bleeding from veins

A

Ooze

45
Q

Bleeding from artery

A

Spurt

46
Q

Treatment of external bleeding

A

Dressing

47
Q

Symptom/sign of internal bleeding

A

Pale skin, bruising

48
Q

Treatment of internal breathing

A

Call 999, lie down

49
Q

Treatment of nose bleed

A

Head tilted forward, breathe through mouth, pressure to both sides of nose

50
Q

Symptom of burns

A

Pain in area, shock

51
Q

Sign of burns

A

Blistering, swelling, redness

52
Q

Treatment of burns

A

Cool running water for at least 10 minutes, dressing

53
Q

Treatment of electric shock

A

Isolate power, call 999, treat burns and shock

54
Q

Symptom of a fracture

A

Severe pain, hard to move

55
Q

Sign of a fracture

A

Cracking sounds, swelling, sometimes bleeding

56
Q

Treatment of a fracture

A

Try not to move casualty, support injury with a sling, sterile dressing

57
Q

Support sling

A

Arm, wrist or ribs, only for casualties who can bend their elbow

58
Q

Elevation sling

A

Support arm and hand, helps to control bleeding and minimise swelling

59
Q

Treatment of dislocation

A

Comfortable position, support the limb, don’t try to relocate

60
Q

What are sprains?

A

Where ligaments have been wrenched at joints

61
Q

What are strains?

A

When muscles are over-stretched

62
Q

Sign of sprains and strains

A

Swelling

63
Q

Treatment of sprains and strains

A

Rest, Ice, Comfortable position, Elevation

64
Q

Symptom of cramp

A

Pain in muscle

65
Q

Sign of cramp

A

Muscle feels hard or tight

66
Q

Treatment of cramp

A

Stretch muscle carefully, rest

67
Q

What is concussion?

A

Altered level of consciousness

68
Q

What is compression?

A

Pressure to brain from a head injury or bleed in the brain

69
Q

Symptom of head injuries

A

Dizzyness, headache

70
Q

Sing of head injuries

A

Skin colour change, dilated pupils, swelling/bruising of head

71
Q

Treatment of head injuries

A

Call 999, lie down, keep neck and body in line

72
Q

Treatment of eye injuries

A

Don’t rub eye, wash out foreign bodies, apply eye pad

73
Q

Symptom of fainting

A

Nausea, blurred vision

74
Q

Sign of fainting

A

Unsteady, pale, shallow breathing, brief unconsciousness

75
Q

Treatment of fainting

A

Reassure, breathe deep and slow, raise legs, loosen clothing, sips of water

76
Q

Signs and symptoms of stroke

A

FAST: Face, Arms, Speech, Time

77
Q

Treatment of stroke

A

Call 999, lay down with head and shoulders raised, reassure

78
Q

Examples of poisoning

A

Drugs, alcohol, chemicals, gases

79
Q

Symptom of poisoning

A

Nauseous

80
Q

Sign of poisoning

A

Evidence, smell, vomiting

81
Q

Treatment of poisoning

A

Safe place, remove cause, treat injuries, rinse mouth if swallowed

82
Q

Treatment of bites and stings

A

If visible brush it out with a credit card, apply cold compress

83
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

Too much blood sugar

84
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

A

Too little blood sugar

85
Q

Symptom of hyperglycaemia

A

Rapid pulse, drowsiness

86
Q

Sign of hyperglycaemia

A

Thirst, sweet fruity smell on breath

87
Q

Treatment of hyperglycaemia

A

Call 999

88
Q

Symptom of hypoglycaemia

A

Rapid pulse, faint, confusion, aggression

89
Q

Sign of hypoglycaemia

A

Pale skin, sweating, mistaken for someone drunk

90
Q

Treatment of hypoglycaemia

A

Sugary food/drink

91
Q

Sign of seizure

A

Stiffen, back arch, limp, sudden jerking movements

92
Q

Treatment of seizure

A

If in water keep head clear of water, support casualty, monitor, reassure, protect head, loosen clothing, time the seizure

93
Q

When do you call 999 for a seizure?

A

If its their first, lasts longer than 5 mins, doesn’t wake up

94
Q

Symptom of hypothermia

A

Cold, tired

95
Q

Sign of hypothermia

A

Shivering, pale/cold skin

96
Q

Treatment of hypothermia

A

Gentle handling, warm place, remove wet clothing, comfortable position, blankets, warm drink

97
Q

After incidents what should you do?

A

Clean up, refill first aid, write up incident

98
Q

What is RIDDOR?

A

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulation

99
Q

What does RIDDOR require?

A

Reporting of accidents such as death, major injuries, incidents etc

Lifeguard (3 decks)

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