CPT Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
What is the term for blood circulation within the heart and lungs
A
Pulmonary Circulation
2
Q
Which heart structure is known as the packemaker of the heart and initiates contraction of the right atrium
A
Sinoatrial (SA) node
3
Q
In which anatomical plane does the internal and external rotation of the shoulder occur
A
Transverse
4
Q
‘Normal’ Blood Pressure
A
120/80mm Hg
5
Q
Which energy pathwway produces the greatest amount of ATP
A
Oxidative Energy Pathway
6
Q
Which organ is the largest lymphatic organ in the body
A
Spleen
7
Q
Which endocrine hormone promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood by target tissues
A
Insulin
8
Q
What neural function is processed directly by the spinal cord and not the brain
A
Reflex
9
Q
What class of hormones is released by the adrenal glands during times of stress
A
Catecholamines
10
Q
Which digestive organ is responsible for the storage of fat-soluble vitamins and blood filtration and detoxification
A
Liver
11
Q
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) responsible for
A
Receiving sensory input and organizing, analyzing, and processing neural information
12
Q
What division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movement like exercise
A
Somatic Nervous System
13
Q
What muscle is the most common in the human body
A
Skeletal Muscle
14
Q
According to the size principle of motor recruitment, in what order will muscle fibers be recruited
A
smallest and slowest to largest and fastest
15
Q
What is included in the axial skeleton
A
skull
16
Q
what type of bone protects internal organs and provides a large surface area for muscles to attach
A
Flat bone
17
Q
Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for “fight-or-flight”
A
Sympathetic Nervous System
18
Q
What calculation estimates the primary macronutrient the body uses for energy at a given point
A
Respiratory quotient
19
Q
which digestive organ has both endo/exocrine functions
A
Pancreas
20
Q
Which molecule is the “energy currency” of the cell
A
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP
21
Q
The process of glycolysis is the breakdown of what molecule in the body
A
Glucose
22
Q
Which energy pathway is dominant when the body is at rest or during low-intensity, long duration activity
A
Oxidative Energy Pathway
23
Q
What is the process of breaking down triglycerides down into fatty acids to be converted to acetyl-CoA during aerobic metabolism
A
Beta-oxidation
24
Q
What is the primary muscle involved in pulmonary ventilation
A
Diaphragm
25
What two macronutrients are the most preferred sources of energy in the body
Carbs and Fats
26
What is the name of the heart valves located between the atria and ventricles that keep blood moving in only one direction
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
27
which glands of the endocrine system produce and release susbtances through ducts or opening on the body's surface
Exocrine Glands
28
Where in the cell do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur
Mitochondria
29
The calcaneus is an example of what type of bone
Short Bone
30
What is the condition of low blood pressure measuring 90/60mm Hg or less
Hypotension
31
which endocrine hormone promotes the release of glucose from the liver and into the blood stream
Glucagon
32
What term is described as the volume of blood the left ventricle pushes out in a single heartbeat
Stroke Volume
33
What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the soleus muscle
Bipennate Muscle
34
What blood makes up approx. 40% of blood volume
Red Blood Cells
35
Which classification of neurons communicates tactile, auditory, and visual information
Sensory neurons
36
which type of neurons send information from the CNS to the muscles to generate movement
Efferent Neurons
37
Muscle cells contain which cellular fluid that is NOT a part of other human cells
Sacroplasm
38
Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways
Type I Muscle fibers
39
What is the definition of behavior
An action that can be observed, measured, and modified
40
What stage of change is someone in if they are engaging in a new behavior and have been doing so for less than six months
Action
41
What stage of change is someone in fi they are in denial or ignorant to the fact that change may be necessary
Pre-contempltation
42
What type of motivation is driven by personal enjoyment and satisfaction
Intrinsic
43
What psychological need in the Self-Determination Theory is described as the basic need to feel in control of one's own behavior and goals
Autonomy
44
What type of goal is focused on the necessary steps to achieve it
Process Goal
45
Which human organ systems are responsible for human movement
Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal
46
Which classification of neurons initiate muscle contraction and activate glands
Motor Neurons
47
What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) responsible for
Conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the CNS, and regulating involuntary movements
48
Where in the brain does most information processing occur
Cerebral Cortex
49
Which type of muscle is most common in the human body
Skeletal
50
Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways
Type I Muscle Fibers
51
What is included in the appendicular skeleton
Shoulder Girdle, Upper Limbs, Pelvic Girdle, Lower Limbs
52
Which type of bone supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement
Long Bones
53
What does the Golgi Tendon organ detect and respond to in the muscle
Changes in muscle tension
54
The Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) and (PCL) are examples of what type of ligament
Intrinsic
55
The heart and blood vessels are components of which human organ system
Circulatory
56
Blood vessels are comprised of which type of muscle tissue
Smooth
57
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
58
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood
Right Atrium
59
During the cardiac cycle, what is the name of the contraction phase of the heartbeat
Systole
60
What is the process of external respiration
The exchange of gases between the lungs and blood in the lungs
61
Which endocrine hormone promotes the breakdown of protein in muscle cells
Cortisol
62
What is an effect of long-term cortisol elevation in the body
Increases Appetite
63
What anatomical term id described as a position closer to the center of the body relative to a reference point
proximal
64
Which anatomical term refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts
Extension
65
Sagittal
Left & Right
66
Erector Spinae Group
Spinalis, Longissimus, and Iliocostalis
67
Muscle action of the rectus femoris
Flexion of the hip and extension of the knee
68
Where in the cell do the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain occur
Mitochondria
69
What two values are required to calculate the respiratory quotient (RW)
Volume of Carbon Dioxide (Exhaled) & Volume of Oxygen (Inhaled)
70
RQ Value for Carbs
1.0
71
Which energy pathway is dominant for activity between 10 secs-2 mins
Anaerobic Glycolysis
72
The points at which the body switches from metabolism requiring oxygen to primarily anaerobic metabolism
Anaerobic Threshold
73
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport chain are steps in which energy pathway
Oxidative Energy
74
Calories per gram in fat
9 Cal
75
76
What does body composition mean
Fat mass and lean body mass
77
Avg. bodyfat % for males
17-25%
78
Six Kinetic Chain Checkpoints (Bottom to Top)
Foot/Ankle, Knee, Hips, Spine, Shoulders, Neck/Head
79
Spinal deviation characterized by the excessive curvature of the thoracic spine
Kyphosis
80
Postural/Movement deviation when the knees excessively bow outward away from the midline
Knee Varus
81
During the OH Squat Assessment, which of the following muscles is likely underactive if the heels elevate
Tibialis Anterior
82
During the OH squat assessment, which of the following muscles are likely overactive if knee valgus occurs
Adductors
83
Which element of a fitness program trains the body to be explosive, fast, and agile
Reactive Training
84
Reactive Training
The ability to accelerate, decelerate, stabilize, and change direction with proper posture
85
86
Benefit of Interval Training
Strengthening of the left ventricle of the heart
87
Adaption from plyometric exercise
Increased muscle size
88
A training intensity of 67% or less is most closely related to what training adaptation
Muscular Endurance
89
For Hypertrophy, what is the recommended number of REPS per set
6-12 Reps
90
Principle of Variability
Acute training variables must be changed periodically to prevent plateaus, injuries, and boredom
91
Final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Exhaustion
92
What condition is the result of the accumulation of stress from both training and non-training activities resulting in short-term decreases in performance
Overreaching
93
Benefit of flexibility training
Decrease chronic pain
94
What type of inhibition do myofascial release techniques rely on to decrease the excitability of muscle tissue
Autogenic Inhibition
95
Range of Motion
Measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part
96
Two most important acute training variables related to flexibility training
Intensity and time
97
Static Stretch
10-30 Second holds
98
Benefit of cardiorespiratory training
Improves sleep
99
Metabolic Equivalent (MET)
The measure of the ratio of a person's energy expenditure to their mass during physical activity
100
101
What vital capacity reading is considered low and a potential symptom of respiratory problems
Below 3,000 mL
102
1 MET
A person's metabolic rate when at rest
103
What other cardiorespiratory efficiency measure can be estimated by the ventilatory threshold
Lactate Threshold
104
Which strength curve most accurately represents a squat
Ascending strength curve
105
During a taper, how much should training volume be reduced while exercise intensity remains at or above competition (maximal) levels
30-70% reduction in training volume
106
What training goal is promoted when resistance training intensity is below 67% of 1RM
Muscular Endurance
107
Exercise progression
Modification to acute training variables that increase the challenge of a movement pattern
108
What is the agonist at the shoulder during an upper body vertical pulling movement
Latissimus dorsi
109
What type of exercises are often single-joint movements that can promote muscular adaptations like strength and hypertrophy
Isolation exercise
110
Which movement dysfunction occurs when a synergist muscle takes over a movement pattern when an agonist fails
Synergistic Dominance
111
Which category of nutrients protect the body from free radicals and the cellular damage they cause
Antioxidants
112
Which type of Carb is broken down and converted to energy in the body the quickest
Simple Carbs
113
Example of Complex Carb
Starchy Vegetables, Whole Grain Breads/Pasta
114
What types of fats have been found to increase an individuals risk for coronary artery disease when consumed in excess
Trans Fat
115
Approximately what percentage of the avg. adults total body weight is water
60%
116
Portion size of protein for a male
Two Palms
117
According to the WHO, what is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies worldwide
Iron Deficency
118
Function of sodium in the body
Fluid Balance
119
Where in the digestive tract are amino acids absorbed
The small intestine
120
In a normal, healthy adult, what percentage of food consumed is absorbed in the GI tract
95%
121
Min. consistent blood pressure w/ hypertension
140/90mm Hg
122
DASH Diet
To combat high blood pressure
123
Insulin
Binds to target cells and promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood
124
A degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear on the joints
Osteoarthiritis
125
Cardiomyopathy
The enlargement and stiffening of the heart
126
Most common symptom of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Angina
127
Joints commonly affected by Gout
lesser toe joints, ankles, and knees
128
Arthritic condition that is an autoimmune disorder
Rheumatoid arthritis
129
