CRAM the PANCE renal

Question 1

Gimme your overview of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

• prOtienuria
• Oedema
• hypOalbuminemia
• frOthy Urine
• Oval fat bodies

Question 2

Gimme the overview of nephritic syndrome

Answer 2

things you can see with your “I”
* hematuria
* HTN (can see as you pump up cuff)

Question 3

Give me the overview of Minimal change disease

Answer 3

• MC in children
• loss of negative charge = proteinuria

Question 4

Membranous nephropathy overview

Answer 4

“MMM bran cereal”
* Men >40
* pts with Malaria
* Medications (penicillinase)

Question 5

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Answer 5

Fornication, Shooting up, giant/grandiose BP
* Fornication: HIV
* Shooting up: Heroin
* Giant/grandiose BP: HTN

Question 6

MCC of acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 6

IgA nephropathy

Question 7

Overview of IGA nephropathy

Answer 7

• Infects Guys Always
• Infects Gastric and Alveoli (occurs within 24-48hrs GI or URI infection)

Question 8

Overview of post infectious/post strep glomerulonephritis

Answer 8

• GAS (Group a strep)
• Coca cola urine (coke gives you gas)
• Generally Adolescent Son (2-14 year old male)

facial edema common PE findig

Question 9

Good pastures disease overview

Answer 9

GoodPastures = GP = Glomerulonephritis with Pulmonary findings

Question 10

MCC of prerenal kidney injury

Answer 10

hypovolemia

can be caused by NSAIDs or ACE inhibitors

Question 11

diagnostic for prerenal acute injury disease

Answer 11

• BUN/Cr>20:1
• highly concentrated urine

Question 12

tx for prerenal kidney injury

Answer 12

rehydration

Question 13

what causes postrenal azotemia

Answer 13

some sort of obstruction

Question 14

diagnosis for postrenal azotemia

Answer 14

US of kidneys to look for obstruction
remove obstruction = tx

Question 15

MCC of acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 15

medications

NSAIDS, PCN, Sulfa

Question 16

presentation of acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 16

presents like allergic reaction: eosinophilia, rash, fever

Question 17

diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 17

WBC casts (always involving neutrophils)

tx: remove offending agent

Question 18

MC type of intrinsic kidney injury

Answer 18

acute tubular necrosis

Question 19

MCC of acute tubular necrosis

Answer 19

• proonged ischemia
• contrast dye/nephrotoxic agents

Question 20

diagnosis for acute tubular necrosis

Answer 20

muddy brown casts

Question 21

tx for acute tubular necrosis

Answer 21

remove offending agent + IV fuids

Question 22

where would you see RBC casts

Answer 22

acute glomerulonephritis/vasculitis

also seen in lupus because i think lupus causes this!

Question 23

how is polycystic ovarian syndrome inherited

Answer 23

autosomal dominant

Question 24

what are extrarenal manifestations of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 24

• berry aneurysm
• mitral valve prolapse

Question 25

stage chronic kidney disease

Answer 25

Question 26

MCC for CKD

Answer 26

DM

Question 27

what is seen on UA for CKD

Answer 27

* waxy casts * proteinuria

Question 28

what is seen on renal US in CKD

Answer 28

small kidneys

Question 29

Overview of Wilms Tumor

Answer 29

Wilms TUmor Iris malformation (aniridia = absence of iris) Locked in position of tumor (doesnt cross midline whereas neuroblastoma does) Mental retardation Sexual malformation (hypospadias, cryptorchism) | tx with total nephroectomy and chemo

Question 30

MC tumor in kidney

Answer 30

Renal Cell Carcinoma (clear cell)

Question 31

Presentation of Renal cell carcinoma

Answer 31

* hematuria * flank/abd pain * palpable abdominal mass * mimics hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia) * varicocele

Question 32

tx for hyperkalemia

Answer 32

C BIG K Drop Calcium gluconate Bicarb Insulin Glucose Kayexalate (not in emergency) Dialysis (if refractory)

Question 33

what would be seen on biopsy in someone with rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis

Answer 33

Crescent formation

Question 34

how do you treat minimal change disease

Answer 34

glucocorticoids

Question 35

classic triad for renal cell carcinoma

Answer 35

flank pain hematuria palpable abdominal mass