Cranial Flashcards
Physiologic strains
Flexion/extension
Torsion
Sidebending-rotation
Non-physiologic strains
Vertical strain
Lateral strain
Compression
Flexion
Naming: superior SBS
Sphenoid/occiput movement: opposite directions
Air hands: fatter
Axes: 2 parallel transverse
Extension
Naming: inferior SBS
Sphenoid/occiput movement: opposite
Air hands: thinner (toward you)
Axes: 2 parallel transverse axes
Torsion
Naming: superior greater wing of sphenoid
Sphenoid/occiput movement: opposite
Air hands: opening a jar - hand that moves towards you is side of torsion
Axes: 1 AP axis
Sidebending-rotation
Naming: Convex side
Sphenoid/occiput movement: rotate same, sidebend opposite
Air hands: one side gets fatter and drops towards patient’s toes while other is motionless
Axes: 1 AP axis, 2 parallel transverse axes
Vertical strain
Naming: superior/inferior sphenoid base; named opposite of where index fingers move
Sphenoid/occiput movement: same
Air hands: hands rotate same direction along sagittal plane
Axes: 2 parallel transverse
Lateral strain
Naming: parallelogram pointed right/left; named opposite of index fingers
Sphenoid/occiput movement: same
Air hands: index fingers shift right or left
Axes: 2 parallel vertical
Compression
Naming: none
Sphenoid/occiput movement: little/no motion
Air hands: nothing/everything
Axes: none
Unpaired bones
Occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer, mandible, and sacrum
Paired bones
Frontal, parietal, temporal, inferior concha, lacrimal, maxilla, nasal, palatine, zygoma
cranial base is derived from
Cartilaginous bone
Cranial vault develops from
Membranous bone
Cranial vault consists of…
Frontal bone(s), parietal bones, squamous portion of occipital bone, greater wings of sphenoid, squamous portion of temporal bones
Midline bones move through…
Flexion and extension phases
Paired bones move through…
External and internal rotation
Flexion phase of midline bones moves in conjunction with ________ ________ of paired bones
External rotation
Extension phase of midline bones moves in conjunction with __________ ________ of paired bones
Internal rotation
Articulations of occiput
With the atlas at the condyles
With the sphenoid at the synchondrosis.
With parietal bone at the lambdoidal suture.
With temporal bones at the occipitomastoid suture.
Occiput clinical correlations
- Dysfunction in the OA joint will influence the occiput.
- Trauma to the occiput from behind can cause SBS dysfunctions as well as sutural restrictions
- Muscular dysfunction in the suboccipital region can affect the occiput and the dural membranes.
- Sutural restrictions associated with the temporal and parietal bones can affect occipital motion, specifically the OM (occipitomastoid) suture.
Sphenoid articulations
With occiput at SBS.
With temporal bones at petrous portions.
With ethmoid anteriorly.
With palatine bones inferiorly.
With frontal bone bilaterally at both greater and lesser wings.
With vomer inferiorly.
Sphenoid dysfunction
- Due to associations with CN I-VI dysfunction in the sphenoid could lead to optical and trigeminal disturbances.
- Endocrine problems could be a result of sphenoid dysfunctions
- Dysfunction due to forceps delivery
Frontal articulations
Parietals (2) Ethmoid (1) Greater and lesser wings of sphenoid (1) Lacrimals (2) Nasal (2) Zygoma (2) at the dentate suture Maxillae (2) via the frontal process
Frontal dysfunction
-Trauma
-Fronto-ethmoidal articulation (attachment for falx cerebri)
-Pterion (4 bones - frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal; trauma can wedge frontal inside the rest and limit SBS)
-Frontal headaches
-Eye disturbances
-Nasal pathology
-Cognitive function (frontal lobes)
-Frontal and maxillary sinus problems
Facial restrictions
