Cranial ANS

Question 1

Classification of nervous system

Answer 1

Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

Division of peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

• Somatic Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System

Question 3

Somatic nervous system
1.Effector:
2.Voluntary/involuntary?
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector
4.Is there use of norepinephrine
5.Is there inhibitory capability
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply

Answer 3

Somatic nervous system
1.Effector: skeletal muscles
2.Voluntary/involuntary? Voluntary
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector? 1
4.Is there use of epinephrine? No use of norepinephrine
5.Is there inhibitory capability? There’s no inhibitory capability
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived? Yes
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply? No

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system
1.Effector:
2.Voluntary/involuntary?
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector
4.Is there use of norepinephrine
5.Is there inhibitory capability
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply

Answer 4

Somatic nervous system
1.Effector: cardiac and smooth muscle
2.Voluntary/involuntary?involuntary
3.How many motor neurons from CNS to effector?2
4.Is there use of norepinephrine? Yes
5.Is there inhibitory capability? Yes
6.are sensory signals consciously perceived? No
7.Can tissues function without nerve supply? Yes

Question 5

Comparison of somatic with autonomic nervous system
Neurotransmitter:
Inhibitory/ excitatory capability?
Input from what kind of neurons?

Answer 5

Acetylcholine
Excitatory
Sensory neurons

Question 6

Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
Origin of preganglionic fibers:
Location of ganglia:
Neurotransmitter:

Answer 6

Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

1.Origin of preganglionic fibers:
Sympathetic: thoracolumbar nerves
Parasympathetic: cranial sacral nerves

2.Location of ganglia:
Sympathetic: far from visceral effector organs; in sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia
Parasympathetic: near or within visceral effector organs

3.Neurotransmitter:
Sympathetic: in ganglia;acetylcholine, in effector organs; norepinephrine
Parasympathetic: in ganglia; acetylcholine, in effector organs;acetylcholine

Question 7

Cerebrospinal outflow has its lowest efferent nerve cell within——-

Answer 7

The CNS

Question 8

The autonomic system has its lowest efferent cell stations in

Answer 8

Peripheral ganglion

Question 9

Two efferent autonomic neurons:

Answer 9

Two efferent autonomic neurons:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 10

Bodily Functions Under ANS Control include:

Answer 10

Bodily Functions Under ANS Control
1 Respiration
2 Circulation
3 Digestion
4 Body Temperature 5 Metabolism
6 Sweating
7 Certain endocrine functions

Question 11

Centers Of ANS Function include

Answer 11

Centers Of ANS Function
1 Cerebral Cortex
2 Hypothalmus
3 Brain Stem
4 Spinal Cord

Question 12

—% of fibers in vagus nerve are afferent.

Answer 12

80

Question 13

• Afferents from the carotid sinus enter the CNS via —— nerve.
• Afferents from the aortic arch enter the CNS via the —— nerve.

Answer 13

• Afferents from the carotid sinus enter the CNS via CN IX.
• Afferents from the aortic arch enter the CNS via the vagus.

Question 14

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Divisions

Controlled by nuclei in the ———- hypothalmus.

Answer 14

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Divisions

4 Controlled by nuclei in the posterolateral hypothalmus.

Question 15

Parasympathetic Division

4 Contolled by midline and —— nuclei of the hypothalmus

Answer 15

Parasympathetic Division

4 Contolled by midline and anterior nuclei of the hypothalmus

Question 16

• 3 classes of ganglionic:include:

Answer 16

• 3 classes of ganglionic: paravertebral, prevertebral, terminal

Question 17

Significant Sympathetic Ganglia
1 ——-: Inferior of 3 cervical ganglia; blocked with interscalene/supraclavicular ——.
2 —— : Can be blocked for severe pain.
3 ———
4 ———-
5 ———

Answer 17

Significant Sympathetic Ganglia
1 Stellate: Inferior of 3 cervical ganglia; blocked with interscalene/supraclavicular BBB.
2 Celiac: Can be blocked for severe pain. 3 Superior mesenteric
4 Aorticorenal
5 Inferior mesneteric

Question 18

Adrenal medulla Receives ———fiber ONLY

Answer 18

Receives preganglionic sympathetic fiber ONLY

Question 19

Adrenal medulla
• Releases primarily ——— directly into bloodstream.
• Also releases a smaller quantity of ———.

Answer 19

• Releases primarily epinephrine (EPI) directly into bloodstream.
• Also releases a smaller quantity of norepinephrine (NE).

Question 20

Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions:

Answer 20

Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions: sympathetic; parasympathetic.

Question 21

Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions: sympathetic; parasympathetic.
• Cells of origin of sympathetic found in ———
• Cells of origin parasympathetic found in ———
• Preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system leave cord by ——— root and synapse in ganglia to form ——- fibers.
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nervous system synapse on ——- ganglia.

Answer 21

Efferent Visceral Motor Division
• Two divisions: sympathetic; parasympathetic.
• Cells of origin of sympathetic found in lateral (intermediolateral) horn T1-L2,3.
• Cells of origin parasympathetic found in midbrain, medulla, S2,3,4.
• Preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nervous system leave cord by anterior nerve root and synapse in ganglia to form postganglionic fibers.Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nervous system synapse on terminal ganglia.

Question 22

Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• ——— ganglia are near or on the organ innervated; PNS has long ——— fiber and short ——— fiber.
• Efferent preganglionic sympathetic fibers goes from anterior root to ganglia by way of ——— ramus ; it leaves the ganglia(cell bodies outside CNS) by ——-ramus.

Answer 22

Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• Terminal ganglia are near or on the organ innervated; PNS has long preganglionic fiber and short postganglionic fiber.
• Efferent preganglionic sympathetic fibers goes from anterior root to ganglia by way of white ramus (myelinated); it leaves the ganglia(cell bodies outside CNS) by gray ramus (unmyelinated).

Question 23

Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• Only ganglia of which spinal segments receive white rami directly.
• The ———- is an exception to the rule. Its preganglionic fibers pass directly in to the adrenal gland without synapsing in a ganglion.
• Cells of the medulla are derived from ———- and are analogous to the postganglionic neurons.

Answer 23

Efferent Visceral Division Continued
• Only ganglia T1-L2,3 receive white rami directly.
• The adrenal gland is an exception to the rule. Its preganglionic fibers pass directly in to the adrenal gland without synapsing in a ganglion.
• Cells of the medulla are derived from neural tissue and are analogous to the postganglionic neurons.

Question 24

Segmental Distribution of Sympathetic Fibers
• Head and neck:
• Upper limb:
• Thoracic viscera(heart):
• Abdominal viscera:
• Lower limb:

Answer 24

Segmental Distribution of Sympathetic Fibers
• Head and neck T1-2
• Upper limb T2-7
• Thoracic viscera(heart) T1-4
• Abdominal viscera T4-L2
• Lower limb T11-l2

Question 25

The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk • Cervical ganglia: 3 in number, which are: Receive preganglionic fibers from spinal segments ——

Answer 25

The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk • Cervical ganglia: 3 in number: Superior Middle Inferior Receive preganglionic fibers from spinal segments T1-T7

Question 26

The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk Superior cervical: —— in length, lies opposite —,— vertebra; fused ganglia C— to —.

Answer 26

The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk Superior cervical: 1 inch in length, lies opposite C2,3 vertebra; fused ganglia C1-C4.

Question 27

The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk • Middle cervical: small; not always present; lies at level of — vertebra; represents fused ganglia — to —. • Inferior cervical: Found between —,—,— vertebra; —% people it is fused with which vertebrae level to form stellate ganglion. • Thoracic ganglia: how many in number; greater splanchnic nerve arises from T— to —; lesser splanchnic from T— to —, T— to—; lower splanchnic T—; lower ganglia also.

Answer 27

The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk Continued • Middle cervical: small; not always present; lies at level of C6 vertebra; represents fused ganglia C5-C6. • Inferior cervical: Found between C7,8-T1 vertebra; 80% people it is fused with T1 to form stellate ganglion. • Thoracic ganglia: 12 in number; greater splanchnic nerve arises from T5-9; lesser splanchnic from TT9-10, T10-11; lower splanchnic T12; lower ganglia also.

Question 28

The Ganglia of Sympathetic Trunk l • —- cervical: small; not always present; lies at level of C6 vertebra.

Answer 28

Middle

Question 29

Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy • Midbrain: CN— relayed in —— ganglia; stimulation= ———-. • Medulla: CN —, CN—; CN—:

Answer 29

Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy • Midbrain: CN lll (oculomotor) relayed in ciliary ganglia; stimulation= pupil constriction. • Medulla: CN Vll (facial), lX (glossopgaryngeal); X ( vagus):

Question 30

Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy • Medulla: CN Vll (facial), lX (glossopgaryngeal); X ( vagus): 1. Vll outflow ——- ganglion and ——-ganglia. 2 lX outflow:—— ganglia

Answer 30

Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy . • Medulla: CN Vll (facial), lX (glossopgaryngeal); X ( vagus): 1. Vll outflow sphenopalatine ganglion. Submandibular ganglia. 2 lX outflow otic ganglia

Question 31

Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy Vagus (X) outflow most important; largest contributor of PNS or — to —% of activity. Sacral: S2,3,4; innervate —— organs; termed “mechanism for ——-.”

Answer 31

Parasympathetic Nervous System Anatomy Continued 3 Vagus (X) outflow most important; largest contributor of PNS or 75-80% of activity. Sacral: S2,3,4; innervate pelvic organs; termed “mechanism for emptying.”

Question 32

• Cholinergic: Cholinergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize ———- as neurotransmitter. • Adrenergic: Adrenergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize ——— as neurotransmitter.

Answer 32

• Cholinergic: Cholinergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize acetylcholine as neurotransmitter. • Adrenergic: Adrenergic is a term used to describe neurons that utilize norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.

Question 33

Cholinergic/ Adrenergic Nerves • All somatic motor neurons (voluntary nervous system) are ——— fibers in the sense they utilize ——— as neurotransmitter.

Answer 33

Cholinergic/ Adrenergic Nerves Continued • All somatic motor neurons (voluntary nervous system) are cholinergic fibers in the sense they utilize acetylcholine as neurotransmitter. • Somatic motor neurons are somatic,NOT autonomic.