Cranial Autonomics

Question 1

What type of nerve fibers carry the autonomics

Answer 1

general visceral efferents (AKA visceral motor)

Question 2

what are the four parasympathetic cranial nuclei

Answer 2

edinger-westphal
superior salivatory
inferior salivatory
dorsal vagal

Question 3

where is the edinger-westphal nucleus?

Answer 3

midbrain

Question 4

where are the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei?

Answer 4

pons

Question 5

where is the dorsal vagal nucleus?

Answer 5

medulla

Question 6

what CN passes through the cribiform plate

Answer 6

CN I (olfactory)

Question 7

what CN passes through the optic canal

Answer 7

CN II (optic)

Question 8

what CN passes through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 8

CN III (oculomotor)
CN IV (trochlear)
CN V1 (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal)
CN VI (abducent)

Question 9

what CN passes through the foramen rotundum

Answer 9

CN V2 (maxillary branch of trigeminal)

Question 10

what CN passes through the foramen ovale

Answer 10

CN V3 (mandibular branch of trigeminal)

Question 11

what CN passes through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 11

CN VII (facial n)
CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n)

Question 12

what CN passes through the jugular foramen

Answer 12

CN IX (glossopharyngeal n)
CN X (vagus)
CN XI (spinal accessory n)

Question 13

what CN passes through the hypoglossal canal

Answer 13

CN XII (hypoglossal n)

Question 14

where do sympathetic fibers of the head synapse?

Answer 14

superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

Question 15

what exclusively sympathetic nerve do we care about? are the fibers pre- or post- synaptic?

Answer 15

deep petrosal n

POST synaptic

Question 16

what are the four ganglia in the head where preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse

Answer 16

ciliary
pterygopalatine
otic
submandibular

Question 17

what cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetics?

Answer 17

CN III, VII, IX, X

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

Question 18

how do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers get to their target structure?

Answer 18

via branches of the trigeminal n. (CN V)

Question 19

what is horner’s syndrome

Answer 19

absence of sympathetic innervation of the head

Question 20

what are the causes of horners syndrome?

Answer 20

idiopathic
extra cervical rib
cervical injury

Question 21

what are the sxs of horner’s syndrome?

Answer 21

ptosis
anhidrosis
miosis

Question 22

does the trigeminal n have sympathetic fibers?

Answer 22

NO they just ride with it all over the face

Question 23

what are the two branches of CN V1 (opthalmic branch of trigeminal n) that piggyback parasympathetics?

Answer 23

lacrimal ( => lacrimal gland)
short ciliary ( => ciliary ms and sphincter pupillae)

Question 24

what are the three branches of CN V2 (maxillary branch of trigeminal n) that piggyback parasympathetics?

Answer 24

zygomatic ( => lacrimal gland)
greater and lesser palatine ( => soft and heart palate mucosa)
posterior superior nasal ( => nasal mucosa)

Question 25

what are the two branches of CN V3 (mandibular branch of trigeminal n) that piggyback parasympathetics?

Answer 25

lingual ( => submandibular & sublingual salivary glands) | auricotemporal ( => parotid gland)

Question 26

through what ganglion does CN V1 pass?

Answer 26

ciliary

Question 27

through what ganglion does CN V2 pass?

Answer 27

pterygopalatine

Question 28

through what ganglion does CN V3 pass?

Answer 28

submandibular and otic

Question 29

at what ganglion do CN III parasympathetic fibers synapse?

Answer 29

ciliary

Question 30

at what ganglion do CN VII parasympathetic fibers synapse?

Answer 30

pterygopalatine | submandibular

Question 31

at what ganglion do CN IX parasympathetic fibers synapse?

Answer 31

otic

Question 32

what is the route of visceral efferent neurons from CN III

Answer 32

edinger-westphal nucleus => ciliary ganglion => constrictor pupillae and cilliary ms

Question 33

via what structure do sympathetics get to the eye?

Answer 33

carotid plexus

Question 34

what are the autonomic actions of CN VII?

Answer 34

``` stimulate glands: lacrimal submandibular sublingual oral, nasal, and pharyngeal muscosal ```