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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

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2
Q

CN I location of cell bodies

A

olfactory organ

receptor cells in olfactory epithelium

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3
Q

CN I pathway

A

receptor cells in olfactory epithelium =>
cribiform plate of ethmoid bone =>
olfactory bulb

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4
Q

CN I function

A

SVA - sense of smell

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5
Q

CN I exam

A

test w several different familiar odors

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6
Q

what CN is associated with loss of taste over aging?

A

CN I

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7
Q

what are causes of anosmia (olfactory loss)

A

head trauma
viral infection
intracranial lesions
nasal obstruction

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8
Q

what can occur with fracture of the cribiform plate?

A

CSF leakage through nose

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9
Q

CN II

A

optic nerve

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10
Q

CN II location of cell bodies

A

retina

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11
Q

CN II pathway

A

optic canal => fibers cross at optic chiasm => optic tracts => thalamus => optic radiations => primary visual cortex

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12
Q

CN II function

A

SVA, sight

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13
Q

a tumor of what organ can cause compression of CN II?

A

pituitary gland

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14
Q

CN II exam

A

blink response, pupillary light reflex, peripheral vision

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15
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor n

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16
Q

CN III location of cell bodies

A

midbrain

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17
Q

What is transmitted through Edinger-Westphal nucleus?

A

parasympathetic fibers of CN III (oculomotor n.)

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18
Q

CN III pathway

A

midbrain =>
pierces dura lateral to diaphragma sellae =>
runs in lateral wall of cavernous sinus =>
enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

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19
Q

CN III function (GSE)

A

motor innervation to superior, medial and inferior recti and inferior oblique and levator palpebrae superioris ms
(eye & eyelid movement)

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20
Q

what muscles are innervated by the superior division of CN III? what do they do?

A 
superior rectus (look towards ceiling) 
levator palpebrae superioris (raise eyelid)
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21
Q

what muscles are innervated by the inferior division of CN III? what do they do?

A

inferior & medial recti (look down/medially)

inferior oblique superioris (external rotation and abduction of eye

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22
Q

what condition in characterized by a fixed down and out position of the eye and what cranial nerve is involved?

A

oculomotor palsy

CN III

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23
Q

what sxs are associated w/ oculomotor palsy?

A

strabismus
double vision (diplopia)
ptosis
midriasis (pupil dilation)

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24
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear n

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25
what is the only cranial nerve that exits the midbrain dorsally?
CN IV
26
CN IV pathway
exits dorsal surface of midbrain => pierces dura mater => run in lateral wall of cavernous sinus => enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
27
CN IV function
GSE - motor innervation to superior oblique m. | => abduction, depression and medial rotation of eye
28
CN VI
abducens
29
CN VI location of cell bodies
midbrain
30
CN VI pathway
``` emerges btwn pons and medulla => crosses pontine cistern => pierces dura covering clivus => runs in cavernous sinus near ICA => enters orbit via superior orbital fissure ```
31
CN VI function
GSE - motor innervation to lateral rectus | => abduction of the eye
32
CN IV palsy sxs
eyes crossed, double vision head tilted away from affected side to compensate can't look medially (ie reading)
33
CN VI palsy
double vision | can't look laterally
34
CN VI exam
have pt abduct eye
35
CN IV exam
have pt adduct eye then look down
36
CN V
trigeminal n
37
CN V location of cell bodies
pons
38
CN V pathway
emerges from pons laterally => | ganglion in trigeminal cave, lateral to cavernous sinus
39
what are the three branches of CN V
ophthalmic (V1) maxillary (V2) mandibular (V3)
40
CN V1 pathway and function
cavernous sinus => exits skull via superior orbital fissure => GSA to superior face and scalp
41
CN V2 pathway and function
cavernous sinus => exits skull via foramen rotundum => GSA to nose upper jaw
42
CN V3 pathway and function
exits skull via foramen ovale => GSA to sides of face and mandible
43
CN V function (SVE and GSA)
motor to ms. of mastication sensory to face and scalp
44
CN V1 examination
corneal reflex - touch cornea w/ cotton | sensation of forehead & nose
45
CN V2 examination
sensation of cheeks
46
CN V3 examination
sensation of chin | ability to chew
47
in what condition can trigeminal dermatomes be affected?
herpes zoster
48
CN VII
facial nerve
49
CN VII location of cell bodies
midbrain
50
CN VII pathway
``` emerges from pontine-medularry jxn => traverses posterior cranial fossa => exits skull vis internal acoustic meatus=> runs in facial canal => exits via stylomastoid foramen => passes through parotid ```
51
CN VII function (SVE)
motor to ms. of facial expression
52
CN VII function (GVE)
parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands submandibular & sublingual salivary glands
53
CN VII function (SVA & GSA)
taste to anterior tongue | sensation to external acoustic meatus
54
terminal branches of facial nerve
``` posterior auricular temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical ```
55
what cranial nerve is implicated in Bell's palsy
CN VII, facial n
56
what are the sxs of Bell's palsy
cannot blink | drooling
57
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear n
58
CN VIII function
SSA - hearing and equilibrium
59
sxs associated w/ CN VIII
``` tinnitus off balance nystagmus deafness acoustic neuroma ```
60
what is rombergs sign and what CN does it test?
pt falls when feet are together, arms at sides, eyes closed | CN VIII lesion
61
what CN lesion is associated w/ nystagmus
CN VIII
62
what CN is evaluated in Weber's test?
CN VIII
63
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
64
CN IX location of cell bodies
medulla
65
CN IX pathway
medulla => exits skull via jugular foramen => | passes btwn superior & middle pharyngeal constrictors => oral cavity
66
CN IX function
``` sensation from ear, posterior tongue, taste to posterior tongue, sensory from oropharyx & carotid body PNS to parotid motor to stylopharyngeus ms. ```
67
CN X
vagus n
68
CN X pathway
medulla => exits skull via jugular foramen
69
CN X function
sensation from dura, ext. auditory canal, viscera, pharynx, larynx taste from epiglottis PNS to viscera motor to pharynx, larynx, palatine ms.
70
CN X testing
swallowing reflex hoarseness deviation of uvual when saying AH
71
CN XI
spinal accessory
72
CN XI function
motor to SCM & traps
73
CN XI pathway
spinal cord => enters crainium via foramen magum => exit skull via jugular foramen
74
CN XI testing
shrug against resistance (traps) | turn head against resistance (SCM)
75
CN XII
hypoglossal n
76
CN XII function
motor to tongue ms styloglossus hypoglossus genioglossus
77
CN XII pathway
medulla => exits skull via hypoglossal canal => travels w cervical plexus => crosses occipital a => enters oral cavity
78
CN XII testing
protruded tongue deviates to side of lesion

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