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ANT 1001 > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

the cranial nerves come

A

directly from the brain or brain stem

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2
Q

how many cranial nerves

A

12

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3
Q

CN I

A

olfactory- sensory

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4
Q

CN II

A

optic- sensory

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5
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor
inv superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebral
parasympathetic- from edinger-westphal nucleus to sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle

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6
Q

parasympathetic for CN III

A

from edinger-westphal nucleus to sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle

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7
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear
innervates superior oblique muscle
look down/inward

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8
Q

CN VI

A

abducens
innervates lateral rectus muscle
move eyes side to side

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9
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal- motor/sensory
“dentist’s” nerve

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10
Q

branches of trigeminal

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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11
Q

CN VII

A

facial- motor/sensory
muscles of facial expressions
innervates posterior digastric
sensory external ear and taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

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12
Q

parasympathetic fibers of facial nerve to

A

lacrimal gland, submandibular, and sublingual gland

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13
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear (auditory)- sensory
innervates inner ear
for hearing, equilibrium, balance

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14
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal- motor and sensory
parasympathetic innervation to parotid
innervates stylopharyngess muscle
active in gag reflex- elevates soft palate

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15
Q

what cranial nerve is active in gag reflex

A

glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
vagus (CN X)

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16
Q

CN X

A

vagus- motor, sensory
innervates muscles of pharynx and larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera
involved in gag reflex and swallowing

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17
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory- motor
innervates muscles of pharynx (cranial part and travel with vagus), trapezius (upper), SCM
shrug shoulders, turn head side to side

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18
Q

what cranial nerve has unique origin from spinal cord

A

spinal accessory (CN XI)

19
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal- motor
innervate genioglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus of tongue, plus intrinsic muscles of tongue
assess speech, stick tongue out, move side to side

20
Q

when does CN screening need to be done

A

when there is OFP that cannot be localized

21
Q

parts of ANS

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric considered 3rd part (regulates digestion)

22
Q

2 neuron systems of ANS

A

preganglionic (myelinated) and postganglionic (unmyelinated)

23
Q

neurotransmitters of ANS

A

norepinephrine (postsynaptic)
acetylcholine (presynaptic)

24
Q

sympathetic NS known as

A

fight or flight

25
Q

parasympathetic NS known as

A

rest and digest

26
Q

enteric system-major neurotransmission is

A

Ach, nitric oxide, serotonin

27
Q

hypothalamus exerts control over

A

ANS and helps maintain homeostasis

28
Q

base level of ANS

A

tone

29
Q

is ANS always active

A

yes

30
Q

sympathetic NS nerves originate in

A

spinal column between T1 and L2, preganglionic

31
Q

sympathetic NS pass into

A

sympathetic chain on each side of spinal column

32
Q

sympathetic NS nerves leave ganglia as

A

postganglionic or may travel up or down sympathetic chain

33
Q

sympathetic NS nerve may pass back into

A

spinal nerves at all levels, mostly C fibers

34
Q

what percent of skeletal nerves are sympathetic fibers

A

8%

35
Q

sympathetically maintained OFP involves

A

sphenopalatine ganglion associated with injury to V2 of CN V, related to vascular heads and facial neuralgia
involves stellate ganglion, most common post herpetic neuralgia

36
Q

parasympathetic distribution

A

CN III Occulomotor
CN VII Facial
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
CN X Vagus

37
Q

parasympathetic- preganglionic fibers go to

A

the structures being targetted

38
Q

parasympathetic- post ganglionic neurons are in

A

wall of targeted structure- 1mm to few cm long

39
Q

what percent of all nerve fibers in CN X (vagus)

A

75%

40
Q

parasympathetic CN- CN III Occulomotor

A

to pupillary sphincters and ciliary muscles of the eye

41
Q

parasympathetic CN- CN VIII Facial

A

to lacrimal, nasal and submandibular glands

42
Q

parasympathetic CN- CN IX Glossopharyngeal

A

to parotid gland

43
Q

parasympathetic CN- CN X Vagus

A

to thoracic and abdominal regions

ANT 1001 (5 decks)

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