pterygopalatine foss

Question 1

where is pterygopalatine fossa located

Answer 1

on lateral side of skull between the infra temporal fossa and nasopharynx

Question 2

the ptergyopalatine fossa is known as

Answer 2

major neuromuscular crossroads between the orbit, nasal cavity, the infra temporal fossa, and cranial fossa

Question 3

walls of PP fossa

Answer 3

anterior wall- posterior surface maxilla
medial wall- lateral surface palatine bone
roof/posterior wall- from sphenoid (anterosuperior surface of pterygoid process)

Question 4

PP fossa communicates with

Answer 4

middle cranial fossa, infratemporal fossa, floor of orbit, lateral wall of nasal cavity, oropharynx, roof of oral cavity

Question 5

PP fossa is the major site for

Answer 5

the maxillary nerve V2

Question 6

PP fossa is the terminal site for

Answer 6

the maxillary artery

Question 7

PP fossa contains what ganglion

Answer 7

pterygopalatine

Question 8

the pterygopalatine ganglion is a merger of

Answer 8

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from facial nerve (VII) and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 9

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from facial n. (VII) and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers join

Answer 9

sympathetic fibers from T1 join branches of V2

Question 10

PP fossa is formed by

Answer 10

anterosuperior surface of pterygoid process

Question 11

two large foramen of PP fossa on sphenoid bone

Answer 11

foramen rotundum and anterior opening of pterygoid canal

Question 12

how many foramina and fissures as apertures are seen within the PP fossa and what are they

Answer 12

7
sphenopalatine foramen- nasal cavity
inferior orbital fissure- floor of orbit
pterygomaxillary fissure- infra temporal fossa
foramen rotundum- cranial cavity (middle cranial fossa)
pterygoid canal- cranial cavity (middle cranial fossa)
palatovaginal canal-nasopharynx
palatine canal- roof of oral cavity (palate)

Question 13

To remember the seven foramina of the pterygopalatine fossa, you can use a mnemonic or memory technique. Here’s a simple mnemonic that may help you recall them:

“A Tiny Man Saw Three Fat Rats”

Here’s what each word in the mnemonic represents:

A (Anterior): This refers to the anterior opening of the pterygopalatine fossa, which is the pterygomaxillary fissure.
Tiny (Temporal): This represents the temporal (or lateral) side of the fossa, which has the foramen rotundum.
Man (Maxillary): This stands for the maxillary (or superior) side, which contains the greater palatine foramen.
Saw (Sphenopalatine): This represents the sphenopalatine foramen, which is a crucial foramen in this region.
Three (Teres): This refers to the terygoid canal (also known as the pterygoid or Vidian canal).
Fat (Foramina): This reminds you that there are multiple foramina, so you need to keep them in mind.
Rats (Rotundum): This refers to the foramen rotundum again, reinforcing the second foramen.

Question 14

what nerve goes through the foramen rotundum

Answer 14

maxillary nerve V2 (sensory)

Question 15

maxillary nerve passes where and supplies what

Answer 15

passes anteriorly- passes through the inferior orbital fissure as infraorbital nerve
supplies orbital wall- sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses

Question 16

what nerves go through the palatine canal

Answer 16

from V2 the greater and lesser palatine nerves

Question 17

greater palatine nerve

Answer 17

roof of oral cavity, innervates mucosa, glands of hard palate, gingiva to incisors, gives rise to posterior nasal nerves to nose

Question 18

lesser palatine

Answer 18

soft palate?

Question 19

what nerve goes through sphenopalatine canal

Answer 19

nasal nerves (7) enter nasal cavity

Question 20

nasal nerves

Answer 20

most go to supply the lateral wall, others medial wall

Question 21

nasopalatine nerve passes down

Answer 21

nasal septum via incisive canal to oral cavity adjacent to incisor teeth

Question 22

what nerves goes through the palatogingival canal

Answer 22

Zygomatic nerve off pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 23

zygomatic nerve

Answer 23

supplies mucosa and glands of nasopharynx
divides into Zygomaticotemporal branch and Zygomaticofacial branch

Question 24

two branches of zygomatic nerve and what they supply

Answer 24

Zygomaticotemporal- supplies skin over temple
Zygomaticofacial- supply adjacent skin

Question 25

what nerve goes through pterygomaxillary fissure

Answer 25

posterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 26

posterior superior alveolar nerve

Answer 26

originate from V2, joins the superior dental plexus inferior to maxillary sinus, supplies molar teeth, buccal gingiva also involved with maxillary sinus

Question 27

what goes through infraorbital fissure

Answer 27

infraorbital nerve

Question 28

infraorbital nerve- where is lies/exits, branches

Answer 28

continuation of V2 lies in infraorbital groove, exits through infraorbital canal branches- middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves, join superior alveolar plexus (supplies maxillary teeth)

Question 29

middle superior alveolar nerve

Answer 29

supplies maxillary sinus

Question 30

anterior superior alveolar nerve

Answer 30

small branch of nasal, to area of nasal floor and walls

Question 31

infraorbital nerve divides into

Answer 31

nasal (to skin over nose and part of nasal septum) palpebral (to skin of lower eyelid) superior labial branches (to cheek, upper lip, and related oral mucosa)

Question 32

innervation and blood supply of maxillary teeth

Answer 32

posterior superior alveolar- branch of maxillary V2 anterior and middle superior alveolar- branch of infraorbital branches of maxillary artery (posterior- middle and anterior alveolar artery)

Question 33

innervation and blood supply of mandibular teeth

Answer 33

inferior alveolar nerve from V3 inferior alveolar artery off maxillary artery

Question 34

the nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by

Answer 34

greater petrosal from CN VII (facial) and deep petrosal (branch of internal carotid plexus)

Question 35

nerve to pterygoid canal carries

Answer 35

preganglionic parasympathetic and postganglion sympathetic fibers

Question 36

greater petrosal nerve

Answer 36

from geniculate ganglion of CN VII parasympathetic innervation to mucous glands of nasal cavity, salivary glands in upper half of oral cavity, lacrimal gland in orbit also for taste from soft palate

Question 37

deep petrosal nerve

Answer 37

carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers for blood vessels

Question 38

deep petrosal nerve originates in and joins

Answer 38

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, merges with ganglionic fibers from T1 joins greater petrosal

Question 39

pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 39

largest of 4 sympathetic ganglia in head from CN VII (facial) carried by greater petrosal and nerve of pterygoid canal join V2 fibers

Question 40

what nerves continue off of CN V2

Answer 40

orbital, palatine, nasal, pharyngeal??? slide 24

Question 41

sphenopalatine ganglion block is often involved in

Answer 41

management of orofacial pain and headache

Question 42

sphenopalatine ganglion block relieves

Answer 42

trigeminal autonomic cephalagias such as cluster headache, migraine, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, and certain neuralgias

Question 43

sphenopalatine ganglion has what kind of fibers

Answer 43

parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatosensory nerve fibers

Question 44

what supplies sensation to lacrimal gland

Answer 44

off Zygomaticotemporal branch of the zygomatic nerve- forms special autonomic nerve general sensory branch off ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Question 45

arterial supply

Answer 45

most of nasal cavity, roof of oral cavity, all maxillary teeth, also contribute to supply of sinuses- floor of orbit and oropharynx

Question 46

major blood supply of PP fossa

Answer 46

maxillary artery off ECA

Question 47

branches of maxillary artery

Answer 47

posterior superior alveolar greater palatine infraorbital pharyngeal artery of pterygoid canal sphenopalatine artery

Question 48

posterior superior alveolar artery

Answer 48

supplies molars/molars, adjacent gingiva and maxillary sinus

Question 49

infraorbital artery

Answer 49

structures around orbital floor

Question 50

anterior superior alveolar artery

Answer 50

incisors, canines, maxillary sinus

Question 51

greater palatine artery through palatine canal become what and supplies what

Answer 51

lesser palatine branch, supplies soft palate, continues to greater palatine foramen to supply hard palate, to anterior septum of nose

Question 52

pharyngeal branch maxillary artery

Answer 52

supplies posterior aspect of roof of nasal cavity, sphenoidal sinus and pharyngotympanic tube

Question 53

sphenopalatine artery

Answer 53

terminal branch of maxillary artery, supplies lateral wall of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (posterior septal branches supply nasal septum then join greater palatine artery

Question 54

artery of pterygoid canal

Answer 54

at pterygoid canal supplies surrounding tissues, fills foramen lacerum, terminates in mucosa of nasopharynx

Question 55

all veins of PP fossa join in what and pass what

Answer 55

join in pterygopalatine fossa and pass laterally into PP fossa, pass through PP fissure to form pterygoid plexus in ITF

Question 56

pterygoid plexus travels with

Answer 56

branches of maxillary artery

Question 57

what vein bypasses PP fossa

Answer 57

infraorbital vein

Question 58

emissary veins connecting pterygoid plexus drain to

Answer 58

cavernous sinus

Question 59

pterygoid plexus mainly drains into

Answer 59

external jugular vein

Question 60

pterygoid plexus exists between

Answer 60

temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscles

Question 61

path from pterygoid plexus

Answer 61

external jugular to subclavian

Question 62

cavernous sinus is brain's

Answer 62

dura