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cranial nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

Between the olfactory bulb and the mucus layer of the olfactory epithelium, the olfactory nerve (CNI) passes through the _______________

A

cribriform plate

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2
Q

The olfactory nerve axons project from the olfactory mucosa to the _______________

A

olfactory bulb

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3
Q

The ____________ extends from the olfactory bulb to send axons to multiple corticle regions, including the medial temporal lobe

A

olfactory tract

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4
Q

The olfactory tract sends axons to_______

A

multiple cortical regions including medial temporal lobe

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5
Q

From the retina, the optic nerve traverses the ______________ to reach the sulcus chiasmatis

A

optic canal

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6
Q

From the optic chiasm, the ___________ continues on to reach the lateral geniculate body and the midbrain nuclei

A

optic tract

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7
Q

The _________ retina sends axons to the ipsilateral side of the brain

A

temporal

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8
Q

The ___________ retina sends axons to the contralateral side of the brain

A

nasal

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9
Q

The anatomical site where axons arising from the nasal (medial) half of the retina cross the midline to the contralateral optic tract

A

optic chiasm

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10
Q

carries visual sensory information from the neural retina to the diencephalon and midbrain

A

optic nerve (cnII)

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11
Q

Superior ramus of oculomotor nerve - motor innervation

A

superior rectus

levator palpebrae superioris

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12
Q

inferior ramus of oculomotor nerve - motor innervation

A

medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique

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13
Q

innervates superior rectus

A

oculomotor nerve (superior ramus)

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14
Q

innervates levator palebrae superioris

A

oculomotor nerve (superior ramus)

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15
Q

innervates medial rectus

A

oculomotor nerve (inferior ramus)

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16
Q

innervates inferior rectus

A

oculomotor nerve (inferior ramus)

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17
Q

innervates inferior oblique

A

oculomotor nerve (inferior ramus)

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18
Q

Oculomotor nerve motor cell body location?

A

oculomotor nucleus (in midbrain)

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19
Q

Oculomotor nerve PreGang PS cell body location?

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus (in midbrain)

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20
Q

To reach the orbit, what structure must the oculomotor nerve pass through?

A

The superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

Does the oculomotor nerve have sensory function?

A

Yes… it receives sensory communication from the opthalmic nerve at the superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Which nerve contributes sensory function to the oculomotor nerve and where?

A

The ophthalmic nerve at the SOF

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23
Q

Does the oculomotor nerve have sympathetic function?

A

Yes… it receives postganglionic sympathetic communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus

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24
Q

What contributes Post Ganglionic Sympathetic innervation to the oculomotor nerve and where?

A

Internal carotid plexus @ cavernous sinus

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25
The oculomotor nerve contributes pre-ganglionic parasympathetic axons to the _________
ciliary ganglion
26
The pre-ganglionic PS axons of the oculomotor nerve travels in which ramus
inferior
27
Once the pre-ganglionic PS axons of the oculomotor nerve synapse at the ciliary ganglion, what happens with post-ganglionic PS innervation?
Post ganglionic PS axons travel with the short ciliary nerve (V-ophthalmic) and innervate the ciliary body and constrictor muscle of the eye
28
The short ciliary nerve (from ciliary ganglion) is a branch of which nerve?
V-ophthalmic
29
Olfactory nerve function from origin?
special sensory (olfaction)
30
Optic nerve function from origin?
special sensory (vision)
31
oculomotor nerve function (at its origin from the brainstem)
``` preganglionic parasympathetic (Edinger-Westphal Nucleus) Motor (Oculomotor nucleus) ```
32
oculomotor nerve function (as it enters orbit from SOF)
postganglionic sympathetic (SCG at cavernous sinus) preganglionic parasympthatic (EWN - midbrain) motor (ON - midbrain) sensory (opthalmic @ SOF)
33
Oculomotor nerve function (superior ramus)
postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - CS) sensory (ophthalmic -SOF) motor (ON - midbrain)
34
Oculomotor nerve function (inferior ramus)
postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - CS) sensory (ophthalmic - SOF) preganglionic parasympthatic (EWN - midbrain) motor (ON- midbrain)
35
The short ciliary nerve (carries post-ganglionic PS axons from ciliary ganglion) innervates (2)
pupillary constrictor | ciliary smooth muscle (accomodation reflex)
36
From the midbrain, the trochlear nerve contributes axons with what function(s)?
Motor (trochlear nucleus)
37
During its journey to reach the superior oblique muscle, the trochlear nerve has (or acquires) which functions?
Motor (trochlear nucleus - midbrain) Post-ganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) Sensory (ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure)
38
What does the trochlear innervate?
superior oblique muscle
39
What innervates the superior oblique muscle
trochlear nerve
40
Trochlear nerve function (at its origin - from brainstem)
motor (skeletal muscle) - (trochlear nucleus - midbrain)
41
Trochlear nerve function (as it enters the orbit from the SOF)
motor - (trochlear nucleus - midbrain) sensory (opthalmic - SOF) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus)
42
Trigeminal nerve (subdivisions -3)
ophthalmic maxillary mandibular
43
The lacrimal nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
ophthalmic (V1)
44
At what point does the lacrimal branch from the ophthalmic nerve?
SOF
45
The lacrimal nerve (V1) has which functions (as it enters the lacrimal gland)?
``` Sensory (trigeminal ganglion - to pons) Postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) Postganglionic parasympathetic (from pterygopalatine ganglion via zygomatic nerve) ```
46
The lacrimal nerve provides sensory innervation to...
the skin overlying the lateral upper lid the forehead the lacrimal gland (maybe? double check that it's not just post PS)
47
The lacrimal nerve provides postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to...
the lacrimal gland
48
The frontal nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
ophthalmic (V1)
49
The frontal nerve gives rise to (2)
supraorbital nerve | supratrochlear nerve
50
The frontal nerve branches from the ophthalmic at what landmark?
Superior orbital fissure
51
The supraorbital nerve is a direct branch of which nerve?
frontal nerve (ophthalmic)
52
The supratrochlear nerve is a direct branch of which nerve
frontal nerve (ophthalmic)
53
The supraorbital nerve passes through which anatomical landmark?
the supraorbital foramen
54
supraorbital nerve - functions?
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - to pons) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) ```
55
supraorbital nerve - innervation
sensory and post-sym | skin overlying forehead and mucosa of frontal sinus
56
supratrochlear nerve - functions?
``` sensory (trigmenial ganglion - to pons) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) ```
57
supratrochlear nerve - innervation
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic | skin overlying the medial aspect of the forehead
58
The nasociliary nerve is a direct branch of which nerve?
ophthalmic
59
At what point does the nasociliary nerve branch from ophthalmic
superior orbital fissure
60
What branches offshoot from the nasociliary nerve?
``` short ciliary nerve long ciliary nerve posterior ethmoidal nerve anterior ethmoidal nerve (--> enn / inn) infratrochlear nerve ```
61
The posterior ethmoidal nerve is a direct branch of?
nasociliary nerve (ophthalmic)
62
through which anatomical structure does the posterior ethmoidal nerve travel?
posterior ethmoidal foramen
63
posterior ethmoidal nerve - functions?
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) ```
64
posterior ethmoidal nerve - innervations?
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation: | - - mucosa of superior nasal cavity
65
The anterior ethmoidal nerve is a direct branch of?
nasociliary nerve (ophthalmic)
66
through which anatomical structure does the anterior ethmoidal nerve travel?
anterior ethmoidal foramen
67
anterior ethmoidal nerve - functions
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) ```
68
anterior ethmoidal nerve - innervations
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation - mucosa of frontal and ethmoidal sinus - mucosa of superior aspect of nasal cavity - skin overlying the nose
69
The anterior ethmoidal nerve gives rise to which nerves?
external nasal nerve | internal nasal nerve
70
Before splitting into the external nasal nerve and internal nasal nerve, the anterior ethmoidal nerve traverses which structure?
cribriform plate
71
The external nasal nerve is a branch of
the anterior ethmoidal nerve (--> nasociliary nerve --> ophthalmic nerve)
72
External nasal nerve - functions + innervations
sensory and post-ganglionic sympathetic innervation | - skin overlying nose
73
The internal nasal nerve is a branch of
the anterior ethmoidal nerve (-->nasociliary --> ophthalmic)
74
Internal nasal nerve - functions and innervations
sensory and post-ganglionic sympathetic innervation | - mucosa / nasal cavity
75
The infratrochlear nerve is a direct branch / continuation of which nerve?
Nasociliary nerve (ophthalmic)
76
Infratrochlear nerve - functions
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) ```
77
Infratrochlear nerve - innervations
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic | - skin overlying bridge of nose
78
long ciliary nerve is a branch of ...
nasociliary (ophthalmic)
79
Long ciliary nerve - functions
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) ```
80
Long ciliary nerve - innervations
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic innervation: - eye (cornea) post ganglionic sympathetic - dilator muscle of the iris
81
Which nerve provides postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the dilator muscle of the iris?
long ciliary nerve
82
The short ciliary nerve is a direct branch of which nerve?
nasociliary nerve
83
Short ciliary nerve - functions
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG - cavernous sinus) postganglionic parasympathetic (ciliary ganglion) ```
84
Short ciliary nerve innervations
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - eye sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + postganglionic parasympathetic - dilator (sympathetic) muscle of iris - constrictor (parasympathetic) muscle of iris
85
The short ciliary nerve contains postganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ciliary ganglion...BUT who delivered the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic axons to the ciliary ganglion?
Oculomotor nerve :)
86
The maxillary nerve is a division of which cranial nerve
trigeminal (V)
87
The ophthalmic nerve exits the cranium through which anatomical structure
Superior orbital fissure
88
The maxillary nerve exits the cranium through which anatomical structure
foramen rotundum
89
What are the primary branches (groupings) off of the maxillary nerve? (4)
Pterygopalatine nerves (emerge from pterygopalatine ganglion) zygomatic nerve posterior superior alveolar nerve infraorbital nerve
90
Pterygopalatine branches (direct) of maxillary nerve (5)
``` pharyngeal lesser palatine greater palatine medial posterior superior nasal (including nasopalatine) lateral posterior superior nasal ```
91
The pharyngeal nerve is a branch of ?
maxillary nerve
92
The pharyngeal nerve traverses what anatomical landmark
palatovaginal canal
93
Pharyngeal nerve - functions
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (nerve of the pterygoid canal) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
94
Pharyngeal nerve - innervations
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + postganglionic parasympathetic - mucosa of nasal pharynx and auditory tube
95
Pharyngeal nerve - receives its postganglionic parasympathetic from ...
pterygopalatine ganglion
96
Pharygneal nerve - receives its postganglionic sympathetic from ...
nerve of the pterygoid canal (can trace back to superior cervical ganglion)
97
The lesser palatine nerve traverses which anatomical landmark?
The lesser palatine foramen
98
The lesser palatine nerve is a branch of...
maxillary nerve
99
The lesser palatine nerve - functions
sensory special sensory - taste (greater petrosal) postganglionic sympathetic (nerve of pterygoid canal) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion)
100
Lesser palatine nerve - innervation
mucosa of soft palate (oral anterior and pharyngeal posterior)
101
Greater palatine nerve is a branch of
maxillary nerve
102
Greater palatine nerve - functions
sensory special sensory - taste (greater petrosal) postganglionic sympathetic (nerve of pterygoid canal) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion)
103
Greater palatine nerve - innervation
mucosa of nasal cavity (inf concha) | hard palate and associated gingiva
104
Greater palatine nerve traverses which anatomical landmark
greater palatine foramen
105
The lateral posterior superior nasal nerve traverses which anatomical landmark
sphenopalatine foramen
106
lateral posterior superior nasal nerve - function
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (nerve of pterygoid canal) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
107
lateral posterior superior nasal nerve - innervation
mucosa of lateral wall of nasal cavity
108
Medial (septal) posterior nasal nerve - passes through what structure after departing the pterygopalatine ganglion?
The sphenopalatine foramen
109
The medial posterior superior nasal nerve is a branch of which nerve?
maxillary (ophthalmic)
110
The medial posterior superior nasal nerve gives rise to which nerve?
nasopalatine
111
The nasopalatine nerve traverses which anatomical landmark?
incisive fossa
112
the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of...
medial posterior superior nasal nerve (maxillary - ophthalmic)
113
Medial (septal) posterior superior nasal nerve - function
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (nerve of pterygoid canal) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
114
Medial (septal) posterior superior nasal nerve - innervation
mucosa of the nasal septum
115
nasopalatine nerve - function
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (nerve of pterygoid canal) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
116
nasopalatine nerve - innervation
mucosa of the hard palate and associated gingiva
117
The zygomatic nerve is a branch of ...
maxillary nerve (ophthalmic)
118
After the maxillary nerve exits the cranium through the foramen rotundum, the zygomatic nerve branches off through which anatomical landmark
inferior orbital fissure
119
Zygomatic nerve - function
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus / SCG) Postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
120
Zygomatic nerve - innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - skin overlying zygomatic arch postganglionic parasympathetic - lacrimal gland (communicates with lacrimal nerve)
121
The zygomatic nerve provides postganglionic parasympathetic axons to which nerve?
lacrimal nerve (for innervation of the lacrimal gland)
122
The posterior superior alveolar nerve is a branch of what nerve?
maxillary (ophthalmic)
123
The posterior superior alveolar nerve traverses what anatomical landmark?
pterygomaxillary fissure
124
The posterior superior alveolar nerve - function
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus / SCG) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
125
Posterior superior alveolar nerve - innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - upper molars sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + postganglionic parasympathetic - mucosa of maxillary sinus and buccal gingiva
126
Infraorbital nerve - starting point?
Just after the PSAN branches, the infraorbital nerve begins, traversing the infraorbital groove/canal
127
The infraorbital nerve gives rise to two other nerves...
middle superior alveolar anterior superior alveolar (both depart prior to the ION traversing the infraorbital foramen)
128
The infraorbital nerve traverses the infraorbital groove and then moves through which anatomical landmark?
infraorbital foramen
129
The infraorbital nerve - function
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus / SCG) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
130
Infraorbital nerve - innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - skin of the upper lip, cheek, lateral nose, lower lid sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + postganglionic parasympathetic - mucosa of upper lip, labial gingiva, maxillary sinus
131
Middle superior alveolar nerve - branch of?
infraorbital nerve (maxillary)
132
Middle superior alveolar nerve - function?
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus / SCG) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
133
Middles superior alveolar nerve - innervation?
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - upper premolars sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + postganglionic parasympathetic - maxillary sinus
134
Anterior superior alveolar nerve - branch of?
infraorbital nerve (maxillary)
135
Anterior superior alveolar nerve - function?
``` sensory (trigeminal ganglion - pons) postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus / SCG) postganglionic parasympathetic (pterygopalatine ganglion) ```
136
Anterior superior alveolar nerve - innervation?
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - upper canines and incisors sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + postganglionic parasympathetic - maxillary sinus
137
The mandibular nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
trigeminal (CNV)
138
Mandibular nerve - primary muscular branches (4)
``` medial pterygoid nerve deep temporal nerve masseteric nerive lateral pterygoid nerve (*note* nerve to mylohyoid is secondary off of inferior alveolar nerve) ```
139
Mandibular nerve - primary sensory branches (5)
meningeal ``` buccal branch (long buccal n) auriculotemporal (+ postG PS) lingual inferior alveolar (*note* mental nerve is secondary off of inferior alveolar) ```
140
The mental nerve is a branch of which nerve?
Inferior alveolar (mandibular)
141
The nerve to mylohyoid us a branch of which nerve?
Inferior alveolar (mandibular)
142
The meningeal nerve is a branch of which nerve?
mandibular nerve
143
The mandibular nerve exits the cranium through which anatomical landmark?
foramen ovale
144
The meningeal nerve traverses which anatomical landmark?
foramen spinosum
145
The mandibular nerve originates from the pons with what functionality?
motor (lmn) - trigeminal motor nucleus in pons | sensory - trigeminal ganglion to pons
146
At what point does the mandibular nerve receive post-ganglionic sympathetic innervation?
foramen ovale (from external carotid plexus)
147
Meningeal nerve - function
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus) ```
148
meningeal nerve - innervation
cranial dura mater
149
medial pterygoid nerve - branch of?
mandibular
150
medial pterygoid nerve - function
sensory postganglionic sympathetic motor (lmn)
151
medial pterygoid nerve - innervation?
medial pterygoid tensor palatini tensor tympani
152
innervation of medial pterygoid muscle
medial pteryoid nerve
153
innervation of tensor palatini mucle
medial pterygoid nerve
154
innervation of tensor tympani
medial pterygoid nerve
155
masseteric nerve - branch of?
mandibular nerve
156
masseteric nerve - function
sensory postganglionic sympathetic motor (lmn)
157
masseteric nerve - innervation
masseter muscle
158
which nerve innervates the masseter muscle
masseteric nerve
159
deep temporal nerve - branch of?
mandibular
160
deep temporal nerve - function
sensory postganglionic sympathetic motor (lmn)
161
deep temporal nerve - innervation
temporalis muscle
162
which nerve innervates temporalis muscle?
deep temporal nerve
163
nerve to lateral pterygoid - branch of?
mandibular
164
nerve to lateral pterygoid - function
sensory postganglionic sympathetic motor (lmn)
165
nerve to lateral pterygoid - innervation
lateral pterygoid muscle
166
lateral pterygoid muscle innervation
nerve to lateral pterygoid
167
long buccal nerve - branch of?
mandibular nerve
168
long buccal nerve - function
sensory | postganglionic sympathetic
169
long buccal nerve - innervation
buccal sin and buccal mucosa and gingiva
170
auriculotemporal nerve - branch of?
mandibular nerve
171
auriculotemporal nerve - function
sensory postganglionic sympathetic postganglionic parasympathetic (otic ganglion)
172
auriculotemporal nerve - innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - TMJ, external auditory meatus, skin to the ant. ear sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + postganglionic parasympathetic - parotid gland
173
the auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular) provides postganglionic PS innervation (from otic ganglioin) to the parotid gland... what delivered the preganglionic PS axons to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
174
Lingual nerve - branch of?
mandibular
175
Lingual nerve - function (@ mandibular foramen)
sensory special sensory (taste - chorda tympani) postganglionic sympathetic postganglionic parasympathetic (submandibular ganglion)
176
Lingual nerve innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - mucosa overlying ant 2/3 tongue, floor of oral cavity, and adjacent gingiva - taste to ant 2/3 tongue sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + preganglionic parasympathetic - lingual, sublingual, and submandibular glands postganglionic parasympathetic - sublingual and minor lingual glands
177
Where does the chorda tympani come from?
facial nerve
178
The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani (communicating with lingual n.) terminate where?
The submandibular ganglion
179
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion send axons to
submandibular gland sublingual gland (some re-enter lingual nerve to reach minor lingual and sublingual glands)
180
The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of which nerve?
mandibular
181
The inferior alveolar nerve gives rise to (3)
mental nerve incisive nerve nerve to mylohyoid
182
Inferior alveolar nerve function (at origin)
sensory (TG) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) motor (TMN)
183
inferior alveolar nerve innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic | - lower teeth and adjacent buccal and labial gingiva
184
mental nerve is a branch of
inferior alveolar (mandibular)
185
The inferior alveolar nerve traverses which anatomical structure before splitting into the incisive and mental nerves?
mandibular foramen
186
the mental nerve traverses which anatomical landmark?
mental foramen
187
mental nerve - function
sensory | postganglionic sympathetic
188
mental nerve - innervation
skin overlying chin and lower lip | labial mucosa and gingiva
189
incisive nerve - branch of?
inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular)
190
incisive nerve - function
sensory | postganglionic sympathetic
191
incisive nerve - innervation
pulp - canine, incisors
192
nerve to mylohyoid - branch of?
inferior alveolar (mandibular)
193
nerve to mylohyoid - function
sensory postganglionic sympathetic motor (lmn)
194
nerve to mylohyoid innervation?
mylohyoid muscle | anterior digastric
195
which nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle
nerve to mylohyoid (
196
which nerve innervates the anterior digastric muscle?
nerve to mylohyoid (
197
which nerve innervates the posterior digastric muscle?
nerve to posterior digastric (facial)
198
Where does the abducens nerve originate?
abducens ganglion (pons) - lmn
199
What does the abducens nerve innervate
lateral rectus muscle
200
How does the abducens nerve exit the cranium to reach the lateral rectus muscle
through the superior orbital fissure
201
what functional fibers join the abducens and where?
postganglionic sympathetic @ cavernous sinus (from internal carotid plexus / SCG) sensory @ superior orbital fissure (from ophthalmic)
202
abducens - function (as it enters orbit)
sensory (ophthalmic) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) motor (lmn) (AN - pons)
203
Initial functional fibers of facial nerve
special sensory - taste (geniculate ganglion - pons) preganglionic parasympathetic (superior salivatory nucleus) motor/lmn (facial motor nucleus)
204
Muscular branches of the facial nerve (8 to know)
``` nerve to stapedius nerve to posterior digastric nerve to stylohyoid temporal branch zygomatic branch buccal branch marginal mandibular branch cervical branch ```
205
The facial nerve exits the cranium via which anatomical structure?
internal auditory meatus
206
Prior to passing through the stylomastoid foramen, what muscular branch does the facial nerve give rise to?
nerve to stapedius
207
Once giving off the nerve to stapedius (in the facial canal), the muscular division of the facial nerve exits the facial canal via which anatomical landmark?
The stylomastoid foramen
208
What is unique about the innervation of the nerve to stapedius, compared to the other muscular branches of the facial nerve?
It does not receive postganglionic sympathetic innervation from the external carotid plexus because it branches before the communication at the SMF
209
Nerve to stapedius - function
motor (lmn)
210
Nerve to stapedius - innervation
stapedius muscle
211
Other than the nerve to stapedius, what functions do the muscular branches of the facial nerve have?
motor (lmn) | postganglionic sympathetic
212
What are the two primary preganglionic parasympathetic tracks of the facial nerve?
great petrosal nerve (--> nerve of the pterygoid canal) | chorda tympani
213
The preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of the facial nerve ... location?
superior salivatory nucles (pons)
214
The motor (skeletal) nueron cell bodies of the facial nereve .... location?
facial motor nucles (pons)
215
Preganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies of the facial nerve...location?
geniculate ganglion
216
After arising from the geniculate ganglion, what structure does the greater petrosal nerve pass through?
hiatus greater petrosal nerve
217
At what point do postganglionic sympathetic axons join the greater petrosal nerve? At this point what does the name of the nerve change to?
Joins prior to the pterygoid canal (from carotid plexus / deep petrosal nerve) Becomes nerve of the pterygoid canal
218
Which nerve delivers postganglionic axons to the the greater petrosal nerve (giving rise to the nerve of the pterygoid canal)?
deep petrosal nerve
219
After emerging from the geniculate ganglion, what structure does the chorda tympani pass through?
petrotympanic fissure
220
At what point do postganglionic sympathetic axons join the chorda tympani?
Post - petrotympanic fissure
221
The preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the chorda tympani synapse at which ganglion?
submandibular ganglion
222
The preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the nerve of the pterygoid canal (from great petrosal nerve) synapse at which ganglion?
pterygopalatine ganglion
223
Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?
pterygopalatine fossa
224
The chorda tympani communicates with which nerve to innervate the sublingual and submandibular glands?
lingual (V-2)
225
Chorda tympani - function at origin
``` special sensory/taste (geniculate ganglion) preganglionic parasympathetic (superior salivatory nucleus -pons) ```
226
Chorda tympani - innervation
sensory (taste) - ant 2/3 tongue (via communication with lingual V) preganglionic parasympathetic - submandibular ganglion
227
The sublingual and submandibular glands are innervated by which nerve
lingual (carrying postsynaptic PS fibers from submandibular ganglion)
228
Greater petrosal nerve - branch of?
facial
229
Greater petrosal nerve - traverses which anatomical landmark before becomeing nerve of the pterygoid canal?
hiatus for greater petrosal nerve
230
Greater petrosal nerve - becomes nerve of the pterygoid canal at what anatomical landmark?
pterygoid canal
231
At what point do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers join the greater petrosal nerve? @ this point what does the nerve become
just prior to pterygoid canal (from superior cervical ganglion) Becomes nerve of the pterygoid canal
232
Greater petrosal nerve - function
``` preganglionic parasympathetic (superior salivatory nucleus - pons) special sensory/taste (geniclate ganglion - pons) ```
233
Greater petrosal nerve - innervation
preganglionic parasympathetic - pterygopalatine ganglion special sensory/taste - mucosa of palate
234
The greater petrosal nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion - branches of which nerve provide the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland, nasal mucosa, paranasal sinuses, nasal pharynx, and roof of oral cavity?
maxillary nerve
235
Nerve of the pterygoid canal - continuation of which nerve?
Greater palatine nerve
236
Nerve of the pterygoid canal - function
``` preganglionic parasympathetic (SSN) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) special sensory/taste (GG) ```
237
Nerve of the pterygoid canal - innervation
preganglionic parasympathetic + postganglionic sympathetic - pterygopalatine ganglion special sensory (Taste) - mucosa of palate
238
Which function did Dr. Carry specifically say not to include as part of any facial nerve's function?
General Sensory... He said not to include.
239
The nerve of the pterygoid canal (greater petrosal) provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion - which nerve emerges from the PPG to provide postganglionic PS fibers to the mucus and minor salivary glands + taste sensation to the soft palate?
V-2 - lesser palatine nerve
240
The nerve of the pterygoid canal (greater petrosal) provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion - which nerve emerges from the PPG to provide postganglionic PS fibers to the mucus and minor salivary glands + taste sensation to the hard palate?
V-2 - greater palatine nerve
241
The nerve of the pterygoid canal (greater petrosal) provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion - which nerve emerges from the PPG to provide postganglionic PS fibers to the lacrimal gland?
V-2 - zygomatic and then to V-1 - lacrimal
242
From the pterygopalatine ganglion, postganglionic parasympathetic axons travel with all branches of the maxillary nerve, except?
Branches to the skin and dental pulp ``` Thus, they travel with... infraorbital nerve anterior superior alveolar nerve middle superior alveolar nerve posterior superior alveolar nerve medial posterior superior nasal nerve incisive nerve lateral posterior superior nasal nerve pharyngeal nearve greater palatine nerve lesser palatine nerve zygomatic nerve --> to lacrimal nerve ```
243
Which muscular branches of the facial nerve are located adjacent to the stylomastoid foramen (after exit)? (2 to know)
nerve to the stylohyoid | nerve to the posterior digastric
244
Nerve to the stylohyoid muscle - innervates?
stylohyoid muscle
245
Nerve to stylohyoid muscle - function?
``` motor/lmn (FMN of pons) postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus - joins @ SMF exit) ```
246
Nerve to stylohyoid muscle - is a branch of which nerve?
facial nerve
247
Nerve to posterior digastric - emerges from the facial nerve immediately after which anatomical landmark?
stylomastoid foramen
248
Nerve to posterior digastric - branch of which nerve?
facial nerve
249
Nerve to posterior digastric - carries what functional fibers
``` motor/lmn (facial motor nucleus of the pons) postganglionic sympathetic (ECP) ```
250
Nerve to posterior digastric innervates?
posterior belly of digastric
251
Which nerve innervates the stylohyoid muscle
nerve to stylohyoid muscle
252
which nerve innervates the posterior digastric muscle
nerve to posterior digastric muscle
253
Which nerve innervates the anterior digastric muscle?
nerve to mylohyoid muscle (mandibular)
254
What are the facial branches of the facial nerve? (5)
``` temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical ```
255
All the facial branches of the facial nerve carry axons with the following functionalities
``` motor/lmn (facial motor nucleus of the pons) postganglionic sympathetic (external carotid plexus) ```
256
The temporal branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles (2)
frontalis | orbicularis oculi
257
The zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles (4)
levator anguli oris levator anguli superioris orbicularis oculi zygomaticus major
258
The buccal branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles (7 to know)
``` buccinator depressor anguli oris levator anguli oris levator labii superioris nasalis orbicularis oris zygomaticus major ```
259
The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles (4)
depressor anguli oris depressor labii inferioris mentalis orbicularis oris
260
The cervical branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles (1)
platysma
261
Frontalis innervation
temporal branch of facial nerve
262
orbicularis oculi innervation
temporal and zygomatic branch of facial nerve
263
levator anguli oris innervation
zygomatic and buccal branch of facial nerve
264
levator anguli superioris innervation
zygomatic branch of facial nerve
265
zygomaticus major innervation
zygomatic and buccal branch of facial nerve
266
buccinator innervation
buccal branch of facial nerve
267
depressor anguli oris innervation
buccal branch and marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
268
levator labii superioris innervation
buccal branch of facial nerve
269
nasalis innervation
buccal branch of facial nerve
270
orbicularis oris innervation
buccal branch and marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
271
depressor labii inferioris innervation
marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
272
mentalis innervation
marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
273
platysma innervation
cervical branch of facial nerve
274
Vestibulocochlear nerve - 2 roots
cochlear root | vestibular root
275
Vestibulocochlear nerve - cochlear root - function
special sensory / hearing (cochlea)
276
vestibulocochlear nerve - cochlear nerve cell body location; projections?
spiral ganglion | projections from cochlea to cochlear nuclei (medulla)
277
vestibulocochlear nerve - vestibular nerve - function
sensory - balance and proprioception
278
vestibulocochlear nerve - vestibular nerve - innervation
semicircular canals utricle saccule
279
To enter the inner ear, the vestibulocochlear nerve travels through what anatomical landmark?
internal auditory meatus
280
What other nerve (in addition to vestibulocochlear) sends projections into inner ear through internal auditory meatus?
facial nerve
281
vestibulocochlear nerve - vestibular nerve: cell body location and projections
cell body = vestibular (Scarpa's) ganglion | projections - from semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule to cochelar nuclei (medulla)
282
Glossopharyngeal nerve - functionality @ origin
sensory special sensory (taste) preganglionic parasympathetic (ISN - inferior salivatory nucleus) motor/lmn (nucleus ambiguus)
283
To exit the cranium, the glossopharyngeal nerve traverses which anatomical landmark?
jugular foramen
284
Th cell bodies of the sensory + special sensory (taste) axons of the glossopharyngeal nerve are housed where?
the superior and inferior ganglion? Verify though....
285
The cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the glossopharyngeal nerve are located where?
inferior salivatory nucleus (medulla)
286
The cell bodies of the lmn axons of the glossopharygneal nerve are located where?
nucleus amibiguus (medulla)
287
At what point does the glossopharyngeal nerve gain postganglionic sympathetic innervation? From what?
Distal to the jugular foramen and IG/SG | From the superior cervical ganglion
288
What are the primary branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve? (6)
``` Tympanic nerve (==> lesser pretrosal nerve) Tonsilar branch lingual branch Pharyngeal branch nerve to stylopharyngeus carotid branch ```
289
The glossopharyngeal nerve only sends preganglionic parasympathetic axons to one of its branches... which one?
tympanic nerve
290
The tympanic nerve (glossopharyngeal) traverses which anatomical landmarks before exiting the middle ear to become the lesser petrosal nerve?
Tympanic canaliculus - to enter middle ear Traverses middle ear Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve - to exit middle ear
291
The lesser petrosal nerve (
Ganglion = otic ganglion | Anatomical structure = foramen ovale
292
The lesser petrosal nerve (
``` Auriculotemporal nerve (V-3) Parotid gland ```
293
Tympanic nerve (+ lesser petrosal) - function
sensory postganglionic sympathetic preganglionic parasympathetic
294
Tympanic nerve (+ lesser petrosal) - innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic - middle ear preganglionic parasympathetic - otic ganglion
295
The otic ganglion sends postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ______________ via the _______________
to the parotid gland | via the auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
296
The tympanic nerve is a branch of ______
glossopharyngeal
297
The tympanic nerve gives rise to _______
lesser petrosal
298
The carotid branch of glossopharyngeal nerve - function?
sensory innervation of the carotid sinus and body
299
Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve - function?
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) ```
300
Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve - innervation?
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic | - mucosa of the upper pharynx
301
Tonsilar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve - function
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) ```
302
Tonsilar branches of glossopharygneal nerve - innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic | - tonisal mucosa
303
Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve - function
``` sensory special sensory (taste) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) ```
304
Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve - innervation
sensory/taste/postganglionic sympathetic | - mucosa of posterior 1/3 tongue (oral pharynx)
305
Nerve to stylopharyngeus muscle - branch of?
glossopharyngeal
306
Nerve to stylopharyngeus muscle - function -
sensory postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) motor/lmn
307
Nerve to stylopharyngeus muscle - innervation -
sensory/post-ganglionic sympathetic/motor(lmn) | - sytlopharyngeus muscle
308
Which nerve provides taste innervation to posterior 1/3 tongue?
lingual branch of glossopharyngeus
309
Vagus nerve - primary functions (i.e. @ origin)
preganglionic parasympathetic (dorsal motor nucleus in medulla) motor/lmn (nucleus ambiguus in medulla) sensory (inferior ganglion) special sensory - taste (inferior ganglion)
310
The vagus nerve passes through which anatomical landmark to leave the cranium?
jugular foramen
311
What are the primary branches of the vagus nerve? (6)
``` auricular pharyngeal (plexus) carotid superior laryngeal (gives rise to internal and external laryngeal) recurrent laryngeal vagal trunk ```
312
The vagus nerve gives rise to three motor (lmn) nerves. What are they?
pharyngeal external laryngeal (via superior laryngeal) recurrent laryngeal
313
Auricular branch of vagus nerve - branch location?
jugular fossa
314
Auricular branch of vagus nerve - function
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) ```
315
Auricular branch of vagus nerve - innervation?
Sensory + postganglionic sympathetic | - skin of the external auditory meatus and ear
316
At what point does Postganglionic sympathetic innervation join the vagus nerve?
just distal to inferior ganglion
317
Carotid nerve (vagus) - function?
``` sensory postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) ```
318
Carotid nerve (vagus) - innervation?
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic | - carotid sinus and body
319
Pharyngeal branch (vagus) - function?
sensory postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) motor/lmn (NA - medulla)
320
Pharyngeal branch (vagus) - innervation?
sensory + motor + postganglionic sympathetic - muscles of the palate (except tensor palatini) - muscles of the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)
321
The superior laryngeal nerve (vagus) gives rise to which two nerves?
external and internal laryngeal
322
The external laryngeal nerve is a branch of?
superior laryngeal (vagus)
323
The external laryngeal nerve - function?
sensory postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) motor/lmn (NA- medulla)
324
External laryngeal nerve - innervation?
sensory / postganglionic sympathetic / motor (lmn) - cricothyroid muscle - inferior constrictor muscles
325
The internal laryngeal nerve is a branch of which nerve?
superior laryngeal (vagus)
326
Internal laryngeal nerve - function?
sensory special sensory (taste) postganglionic sympathetic preganglionic parasympathetic (DMN - medulla)
327
Intenral laryngeal nerve - innervation?
sensory / taste / post-gang sym / pre-gang parasym - taste to epiglottis - mucosa of the oral and laryngeal pharynx - mucosa of the epiglottis and larynx superior to the vocal folds
328
Recurrent laryngeal nerve - branch of?
vagus nerve
329
Recurrent laryngeal nerve - function
sensory (IG - to medulla) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) motor/lmn (NA - medulla) preganglionic parasympathetic (DMN - medulla)
330
Recurrent laryngeal nerve - innervation
sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + motor/lmn - all the muscles of the larynx (except cricothryoid and inferior constrictor) sensory + postganglionic sympathetic + preganglionic parasympathetic - tracheal, laryngeopharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa (inferior to the vocal folds)
331
vagal trunk - function
postganglionic sympathetic preganglionic parasympathetic sensory
332
vagal trunk - innervation
innervation to viscera to the level of the left colic flexure of colon
333
Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except tensor palatini
pharyngeal branch of vagus
334
which nerve innervates all the muscles of larynx except the cricothyroid and inferior constrictor
recurrent laryngeal (vagus)
335
which nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini muscle?
medial pterygoid (V3)
336
which nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle and inferior constrictor muscle
external laryngeal nerve (
337
which nerve innervates all the muscles of the pharynx except styolopharyngeus
pharyngeal branch of vagus
338
which nerve innervates stylopharyngeus muscle?
nerve to stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal)
339
Accessory nerve - spinal root - enters cranium through?
foramen magnum
340
Accessory nerve - spinal root - exits cranium through?
jugular foramen
341
Accessory nerve - cranial root - joins ___________________________
pharyngeal plexus of vagus
342
Accessory nerve spinal root - function (as it enters SCM)
``` postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) motor/lmn (spinal accessory nucleus C1-C5) ```
343
Accessory nerve spinal root - innervation?
postganglionic sympathetic + motor/lmn - trapezius muscle - sternocleidomastoid muscle
344
Hypoglossal nerve - exits cranium through?
Hypoglossal canal
345
Hypoglossal nerve - function @ origin
Motor/lmn (hypoglossal nucleus in medulla)
346
After exiting through the hypoglossal canal, the hypoglossal nerve attains what additional functions, and from where?
``` sensory (lingual V3) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) ```
347
Hypoglossal nerve - function (as it passes lateral to hyoglossus)
sensory (lingual v3) postganglionic sympathetic (SCG) Motor (hypoglossal nucleus - medulla)
348
Hypoglossal nerve - innervation
sensory + post-gang sym + motor(lmn) - genioglossus - hyoglossus - styloglossus - intrinsic tongue muscles
349
Which nerve innervates the trapezius muscle
accessory nerve (spinal root)
350
which nerve innervates the styloglossus muscle?
hypoglossal
351
which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
accessory nerve (spinal root)
352
which nerve innervates the intrinsic tongue muscles?
hypoglossal
353
which nerve innervates the buccinator muscle?
buccal branch of facial
354
which nerve innervates the stylohyoid muscle?
nerve to stylohyoid (facial)
355
which nerve innervates the hyoglossus muscle?
hypoglossal
356
which nerve innervates the genioglossus muscle?
hypoglossal
357
the lingual nerve contribute sensory innervation to the hypoglossal nerve near the posterior border of which muscle?
hyoglossus muscle
358
These four cranial nerves traverse the superior orbital fissure
oculomotor trochlear abducens ophthalmic (trigeminal)
359
What nerve provides sensory innervation (muscle spindle afferents) to the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves?
ophthalmic
360
Prior to passing through the mandibular foramen, the inferior alveolar nerve gives rise to what motor branch?
mylohyoid nerve (nerve to mylohyoid)

III - review (9 decks)

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