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**Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Describe CN I (Olfactory Nerve)

A
  • Special Sensory
  • Only Sensory
  • Part of Telencephalon, NOT a true cranial nerve
  • True Olfactory fibers run from olfactory epithelium in nasal cavity thru cribiform plate and innervated the olfactory bulb
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2
Q

Describe CN II (Optic Nerve)

A
  • Special Sensory
  • Only sensory
  • Part of diencephalon, NOT a true cranial nerve
  • Some fibers cross, others do not, at the optic chiasm
  • fibers then run in the optic track
  • Leaves the orbit via the optic canal
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3
Q

What nerves control Ocular muscles?

A

CN III, IV, VI

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4
Q

What is CN III called and what does it do?

A
  • Oculomotor Nerve

- All ocular muscles except lateral rectus and superior oblique

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5
Q

What is CN IV called and what muscle does it control?

A
  • Trochlear Nerve
  • Only the superior oblique
  • Only cranial nerve that emerges dorsally out of the brain stem
  • Only cranial nerve that crosses (Axons on left side arise from cell body on right side)
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6
Q

What is CN VI called and what muscle does it control?

A
  • Abducens

- Only controls lateral rectus

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7
Q

Name all the muscles innervated by Oculomotor Nerve

A
  • superior rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • inferior oblique
  • Levator palpebrae superioris (upper eyelid)
  • Pupillary constrictors
    • pupillary sphincter
    • ciliary muscle
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8
Q

What is CN V called

A

Trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

Describe the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Emerges in the middle of the pons
  • Trigeminal ganglion

3 Branches:

  • V1: ophthalmic
  • V2: maxillary
  • V3: mandibular
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10
Q

What does trigeminal nerve innervate?

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Oral floor muscles
  • tensor tympani (middle ear)
  • tensor veil palatini (pharyngeal)
  • sensation of face, forehead, tongue
  • branches of other cranial nerves also join up with CN V
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11
Q

List the general sensory functions for CN V

A
  1. Skin of the face
  2. Nasal mucosa
  3. Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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12
Q

List the general motor functions for CN V

A

Muscles of Mastication:

  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Medial pterygoid
  4. Lateral pterygoid
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13
Q

Who are the visceral hitchhikers with CN V?

A
  1. Branches of CN VII used V2 and V3 nerves to get to the glands in the face
  2. CN IX uses V3/post. Auricular to get to parotid gland
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14
Q

Where does CN V1 emerge and what branches does it give off?

A 
-Superior Orbital Fissure
Branches:
1. Frontal N.
2. Nasociliary N.
3. Lacrimal N. (Sensory only)
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15
Q

Where does CN V2 emerge and what does it branch into?

A

Foramen Rotundum

Branches:

  1. Posterior, Middle, Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerves
  2. Infraorbital nerve
  3. Zygomatic Nerve
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16
Q

Where does CN V3 emerge and what does it branch to?

A

Foramen Ovale

Branches:

  1. Auriculotemporal n.
  2. Buccal nerve
  3. Masseteric branch
  4. Deep Temporal branch
  5. Pterygoid branches
  6. Masseteric branches
  7. Inferior alveolar nerve
  8. Lingual nerve
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17
Q

Describe the Lingual nerve

A
  • Runs medial to mandible
  • General Sensory
    • mucosa 2/3 tongue and floor of mouth
  • Chorda Tympani (branch of CN VII) Runs with it
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18
Q

Where does Chorda Tympani run and what does it do?

A
  • Branch of CN VII
  • Runs with Lingual Nerve
  • Innervates glands (submandibular, sublingual, small ones)
  • Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue
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19
Q

Where would you find inferior alveolar and what does it do?

A
  • Branch of V3
  • runs within mandible, enters mandibular foramen

MOTOR:

  • mylohyoid
  • Anterior belly digastric

SENSORY:

  • Pulp of the teeth
  • Mental nerve (skin and lip)
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20
Q

What does CV VI do?

A

Abduction of the eye that it innervates (right side, right eye–other eye is doing adduction)

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21
Q

What are the different divisions to remember of CN VII (Facial Nerve)?

A
  1. Muscles of Facial Expression
  2. Greater Petrosal Nerve
  3. Chorda Tympani Nerve
  4. Nerve to Stapedius

**Major branch of CN VII comes out through parotid gland

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22
Q

What are the 5 branches of facial nerve pertaining to facial expression?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Cervical
  5. Posterior Auricular
  6. Mandibular Branches (sit between Zygomatic and Cervical)
23
Q

What is the Greater Petrosal Nerve and what does it do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Branch of CN VII
  • Innervates Lacrimal and Nasal Glands

**runs with CN V2

24
Q

Chorda Tympani Nerve. What is it and what does it do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Branch of CN VII
  • Providing autonomics/Innervates submandibular, sublingual glands
  • Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue

**runs with lingual nerve (branch of V3)

25
What is the Nerve to Stapedius and what does it do?
- Branch of CN VII - Innervates the Stapedius muscle (tiny muscle in middle ear) **It has branches that innervate the Stylohyoid and posterior belly of Digastric
26
T/F CN VII innervates all the glands in the face.
FALSE It innervates all the glands except for the one it runs through: Parotid Gland
27
What is CN VIII called and what does it do?
-Vestibulochochlear Nerve - Vestibular senses (proprioception/balance) - Sense of Hearing -Special sensory nerve only but 2 different modalities
28
What are the Motor Functions of CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)?
- Pharyngeal Constrictors - Stylopharyngeus - Parotid Gland
29
What are the Sensory functions of CN IX?
- Posterior tongue (taste and touch) - Posterior oral pharynx - Mucosa-middle ear - Skin: external ear, canal - tympanic membrane
30
What are special sensory functions of CN IX?
- Taste: posterior 1/3 of tongue | - Chemo- /Baro- receptors in carotid sinus
31
What are the sensory functions for Vagus nerve?
- Viscera in abdomen and thorax - Laryngopharynx and larynx - Taste: epiglottis - ear and external acoustic meatus - posterior cranial fossa: dura
32
What are the motor functions of the Vagus nerve ( CN X )?
- Pharyngeal constrictors (with CN IX) | - Laryngeal Muscles
33
What muscle does the Trochlear nerve control?
Superior oblique only
34
Where does CN IV pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
35
What are two unique traits of CN IV that make it different from every other cranial nerve?
1. Contralateral symptoms in nuclear lesion, while still ipsilateral in nerve lesion - this is because the axons cross before going out 2. Only CN to emerge from dorsal surface
36
What is the muscle controlled by Abducens nerve?
Lateral rectus
37
What are the points of attachment for the Temporalis?
Temporal line (inferior I think) on parietal bone Coronoid process of mandible
38
What are the attachment points of the masseter?
SUPERFICIAL PORTION OF MASSETER: -maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and anterior 2/3 of inferior border of zygomatic arch DEEP PORTION: -deep and medial surface of zygomatic arch Both portions go down to the angle and ramus of the mandible
39
What are the attachment points for the lateral pterygoid?
Goes from Greater wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate to the condyloid process of the mandible
40
What are the attachment points for the medial pterygoid?
Origin: Deep head: -medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth Superficial head: -pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity Insertion: Medial angle of the mandible
41
What are the motor functions of the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?
- Pharyngeal constrictors - Stylopharyngeus - Parotid Gland
42
What are the sensory functions of CN IX?
- Posterior tongue - Posterior oral pharynx - Mucosa: middle ear - Skin: external ear, canal - Tympanic Membrane
43
What are the special sensory functions of CN IX?
- Taste: posterior 1/3 of the tongue | - Chemo and Baro receptors : carotid sinus, plexus
44
What are the special senses of the Vagus nerve?
- Pressure receptors: aortic arch | - Chemreceptors: aortic body
45
What 2 muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?
1. SCM | 2. Trapezius
46
What motor deficits would be associated with CN XI impingement?
Anything that would be a function of SCM or Trapezius. - Lifting shoulder - Rotating head
47
T/F Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) has both motor and sensory function
FALSE--only Motor
48
What muscles are controlled by CN XII?
Tongue muscles
49
What Foramen does CN XII exit through?
Hypoglossal canal
50
Which Cranial nerves are only sensory?
- CN I - CN II - CN VIII
51
Which Cranial Nerves are only motor?
- CN III - CN IV - CN VI - CN XI - CN XII
52
Which cranial nerves can serve both sensory and motor functions?
- CN V - CN VII - CN IX - CN X
53
T/F CN VIII is the most Lateral/dorsal nerve and is therefore sensory
True

**Anatomy (7 decks)

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