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**Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the fascia layers of the neck ?

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial Cervical Fascia
  • Deep Fascia
    • Investing Fascia
    • Pretracheal Fascia
    • Prevertebral Fascia
      • Alar Fascia
    • Carotid Sheath
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2
Q

What is found in the Superficial Cervical Fascia?

A

Platysma Muscle

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3
Q

What is found in the Investing fascia?

A
  • Trapezius

- SCM

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4
Q

What are the 3 different components to the Pretracheal Fascia?

A
  1. Muscular
  2. Visceral
  3. Buccopharyngeal
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5
Q

What is found in the Muscular component of the Pretracheal Fascia?

A

-Infrahyoid Muscles

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6
Q

What is found in the Visceral Component of the Pretracheal Fascia?

A

-Thyroid Gland

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7
Q

The Buccopharyngeal portion of the Pretracheal fascia helps to corner two things snugly into the thyroid gland at the level of the throat. What are those two things?

A
  1. Trachea

2. Esophagus

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8
Q

What is the name of the space found directly posterior to the Buccopharyngeal Fascia?

A

-Retropharyngeal space

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9
Q

What is found within the Prevertebral Fascia?

A
  1. Deep Cervical muscles
  2. Levator Scapulae
  3. Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalenes
  4. Longus Coli muscle
  5. Alar Fascia * (not necessarily within but connected to)
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10
Q

What runs in between the Alar Fascia and the Prevertebral Fascia?

A

The Sympathetic Trunk

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11
Q

What is the space called through which the sympathetic trunk runs? (The space between the alar fascia and the Prevertebral fascia)

A

Alar Space

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12
Q

What is contained within the Carotid Sheath?

A
  1. Internal Jugular Vein
  2. Carotid Artery
  3. Vagus Nerve
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13
Q

What makes up the Ansa cervicalis and what spinal nerves do those parts come from?

A
  1. Superior root: comes from C1

2. Inferior root: comes from C2-C3

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14
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve come from?

A

C2

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15
Q

Where dos the Great auricular nerve come from?

A

C2-C3

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16
Q

Where does the Transverse Cervical Nerve come from?

A

C2-C3

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17
Q

Where does the Supraclavicular nerve come from?

A

C3-C4

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18
Q

What nerve runs just adjacent to the superior root of Ansa cervicalis?

A

Hypo glossary nerve (CN XII)

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19
Q

What are all the muscles innervated by Ansa cervicalis and where do those innervations originate from?

A
  1. Inferior belly of omohyoid (C2-C3)
  2. Sternohyoid (C1-C3)
  3. Superior Belly of Omohyoid (C1)
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20
Q

Where does innervation for the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles come from?

A

C1

**doesn’t look like its part of Ansa cervicalis though. It branches off of the superior root before the loop

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21
Q

Which nerves are involved in cutaneous innervation?

A
  1. Lesser Occipital
  2. Great Auricular
  3. Transverse Cervical
  4. Supraclavicular
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22
Q

Which nerves are involved in muscle innervation?

A
  1. Ansa cervicalis
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23
Q

What are the 3 Subdivisions of the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Cutaneous
  2. Diaphragm
  3. Muscle
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24
Q

What is responsible for providing blood supply to the Neck and Face?

A

External Carotid Artery (ECA)

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25
What supplies blood to the brain?
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)
26
What Drains blood from the head, neck, and face?
1. Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) | 2. External Jugular Vein (EJV)
27
What are two major distinguishing features of the Internal Carotid Artery?
1. Carotid Sinus | 2. Carotid Body
28
What important things are in the carotid sinus and why?
1. Baroreceptors: sensory for pressure | 2. Chemoreceptors: sensory for O2/CO2 levels
29
What are the branches that come off the External Carotid Artery?
1. Superior Thyroid 2. Ascending Pharyngeal 3. Lingual 4. Facial 5. Occipital 6. Posterior Auricular 7. Maxillary 8. Superficial Temporal
30
What is supplied with blood via the superior thyroid artery?
1. Anterior Strap muscles 2. Thyroid Cartilage 3. Larynx 4. Thyroid Gland 5. SCM
31
What is supplied by blood via Ascending Pharyngeal?
1. Pharyngeal Muscles 2. Inner Tympanic region 3. Posterior Meningeal Artery
32
What is supplied with blood via the lingual Artery?
1. Oral Cavity and floor 2. Tongue 3. Epiglottis 4. Sublingual Glands
33
What is supplied by blood via the Facial artery?
1. Superficial face and muscles 2. Angular and Dorsal Nasal 3. Infraorbital 4. Superior and inferior labial 5. Inferior alveolar 6. Submental
34
What is supplied with blood via the occipital artery?
1. Suboccipital muscles 2. Dorsal Muscles 3. Skin and Scalp (Dorsum)
35
What is supplied with blood via the Posterior Auricular artery?
1. Most inner/middle ear | 2. Posterolateral Scalp
36
What is supplied with blood via the Superficial Temporal Artery?
1. Temporal and zygomatic region--muscles and bone
37
What drains both the brain and the face?
Internal Jugular Vein
38
What veins drain into the internal jugular vein?
1. Facial Vein 2. Common Facial Vein 3. Anterior Division Retromandibular Vein 4. Maxillary Vein 5. Superficial Temporal Vein
39
Blood drains into the common facial vein before going into IJV. What two veins drain into common facial vein?
1. Facial Vein | 2. Retromandibular vein
40
T/F: The External Jugular Vein also drains the Brain and Face.
FALSE: External Jugular only drains the face
41
What veins drain into External Jugular vein?
1. Superficial Temporal 2. Maxillary 3. Posterior Auricular 4. Pterygoid Plexus of veins
42
What veins are listed and draining into both the IJV and EJV?
1. Superficial Temporal 2. Maxillary 3. Retromandibular
43
There is an anastomoses between the blood drainage of the IJV and the EJV. Where does this occur?
Retromandibular Vein
44
T/F: The Pterygoid Plexus allows blood to drain in the the cavernous sinus if there is too much blockage.
True
45
T/F: The Pterygoid Plexus is a potential access point for infection to the brain.
True *Retromandibular may also be included in that. It's on the same slide for when he mentioned it.
46
What are the attachments points and innervation for the SCM?
ATTACHMENT POINTS: Clavicular and Sternal heads & Mastoid Process INNERVATION: CN XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)
47
What do the suprahyoid muscles do?
1. Elevate the hyoid bone and larynx | 2. Can also help depress the Mandible
48
What are the attachment points and innervation for the Anterior and posterior bellies of the Digastric Muscle?
ANTERIOR BELLY: Attachement: Digastric Fossa of mandible to intermediate tendon of hyoid bone Innervation: 3rd branch of CN5 POSTERIOR BELLY: Attachment: Intermediate Tendon to Digastric notch of temporal bone Innervation: CN VII
49
What are the attachment points and innervation for the Stylohyoid Muscle?
ATTACHEMENTS: Styloid Process to Lesser horn of Hyoid bone INNERVATION: Facial nerve (CN XII)
50
What are the attachments and innervation for the Mylohyoid Muscle?
ATTACHEMENTS: Mylohyoid line of Mandible to Body of hyoid bone INNERVATION: CN 5.3 **Mylohyoid also elevates the base of the tongue and floor of the mouth. -Makes up the Muscular floor of the mouth
51
What muscles make up the suprahyoids?
1. Digastric 2. Stylohyoid 3. Mylohyoid
52
What is the function and innervation of the Infrahyoid muscles?
FUNCTION: - Depress the hyoid bone and larynx - Can also depress Mandible when working with suprahyoids INNERVATION: -Ansa Cervicalis
53
What are the muscles that make up the infrahyoids and which are deep/superficial?
SUPERFICIAL: 1. Sternohyoid 2. Omohyoid (Superior and Inferior heads) DEEP: 3. Thyrohyoid 4. Sternothyroid
54
What is the location and function of Longus Coli/cap?
FUNCTION: - Flex the neck - Postural support and proprioception LOCATION: -Anterior of Vertebral Body
55
Name the attachments, functions, and innervation of the Scalenes.
ATTACHMENTS: -Transverse processes of C3-C7 to 1st rib (for anterior and middle one), to 2nd rib (for posterior scalene) FUNCTIONS: - Flex neck (bilateral) - Tilt the head to the same side (unilateral) - Helps in respiration (elevation of ribs 1 an 2) INNERVATION: -Ventral rami of cervical nerves *looks like brachial plexus is also coming out through these muscles
56
What two muscles make up the dividing lines of the Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
1. SCM | 2. Trapezius
57
What makes up the "roof" of the Posterior triangle?
Deep investing fascia
58
What makes up the "floor" of the posterior triangle?
Prevertebral Fascia
59
Name the important vein and nerves that are found in the posterior triangle of the neck?
1. External Jugular Vein | 2. Cervical Plexus (cutaneous nerves)
60
Within the posterior triangle, name the components of the Interscalene triangle.
1. Anterior Scalene muscle 2. Brachial Plexus 3. Middle Scalene Muscle
61
What additional muscles are found in the posterior triangle? (In addition to anterior and middle scalene)
1. Splenius Capitis 2. Lavator Scapulae 3. Posterior Scalene 4. Inferior belly of omohyoid (this can technically be the border between two separate triangles within the posterior on)
62
What are the arteries found in the posterior triangle?
1. Thyrocervical trunk (coming off subclavian) A. Transverse cervical artery B. Supra scapular Artery 2. Inferior Thyroid Artery
63
What additional triangles is the Anterior Triangle divided into?
1. Muscular 2. Submental 3. Submandibular 4. Carotid
64
What are the borders of the Muscular Triangle?
1. Superior Belly Omohyoid 2. Midline 3. SCM **Borders use infrahyoid muscles
65
What are the borders of the Submental Triangle
1. Both Anterior Digastrics | 2. Hyoid bone
66
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
1. Anterior Digastric 2. Posterior Digastric 3. Mandible
67
What important features are found in the submandibular triangle?
1. Submandibular gland 2. Submandibular lymph nodes 3. Lingual and Facial Arteries 4. Hypoglossal nerve
68
What are the borders of the Carotid Triangle?
1. Superior Omohyoid 2. Posterior Digastric 3. SCM
69
What important features are located in the Carotid Triangle?
1. Common, external, and internal Carotid arteries 2. Internal Jugular Vein 3. CN X, XI, XII 4. Some of Cervical Plexus
70
What nerves make up the cervical plexus?
- C1, C2, C3, Anterior rami - Inferior root of Ansa cervicalis = skin of the neck - Superior root of Ansa Cervicalis = Strap muscles
71
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Visceral sensory: carotid sinus and body
72
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Visceral Sensory: -Carotid Body n. Sensory and Motor: - Laryngeal nn. - Superior - Internal - External - Inferior (recurrent)
73
What makes up the Visceral Triangle?
1. Thyroid/Parathyroid 2. Trachea 3. Esophagus
74
What supplies the thyroid with blood?
Superior and inferior Thyroid Arteries
75
What drains blood from the thyroid?
Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
76
What innervated the thyroid?
1. Superior laryngeal n. | 2. Inferior (recurrent) laryngeal n.
77
What is located at the root of the neck?
1. Aortic Arch 2. Subclavian Artery Branches 3. Veins 4. Thoracic Duct
78
What are two branches off the subclavian artery?
1. Vertebral | 2. Thyrocervical Trunk
79
What is the pathway for the vertebral artery to get to the brain?
1. Goes in between Anterior Scalene and Longus Coli 2. Goes up through transfers processes 3. Through Foramen Magnum
80
What are the branches coming off the thyrocervical trunk?
1. Inferior thyroid - Ascending cervical comes off this 2. Transverse Cervical 3. Suprascapular
81
Where does the thoracic duct drain into?
- Looks like it drains into the left brachiocephalic right in between the subclavian and common carotid - Another picture he had looked like it was draining into the left subclavian just befor L. Brachiocephalic
82
What are the muscles innervated by Ansa Cervicalis?
1. Geniohyoid (C1) 2. Thyrohyoid (C1) 3. Superior Belly of Omohyoid (C1) 4. Sternothyroid (C1-C3) 5. Inferior belly of omohyoid (C2-C3)

**Anatomy (7 decks)

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