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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

Causes of compression of the cranial nerves

A

Inflammation
Tumours
Fractures

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3
Q

Name the cranial nerves, from CN I - CN XII

A 
Olfactory 
Optic 
Oculomotor 
Trochlear 
Trigeminal 
Abducent 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus 
Accessory 
Hypoglossal
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4
Q

Types of fibre that may be contained in cranial nerves

A 
somatic motor 
autonomic motor 
visceral sensory 
general sensory 
special sensory
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5
Q

Function of somatic motor fibres

A

Supply striated muscles

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6
Q

Function of autonomic motor fibres

A

Cranial division of parasympathetic supply, innervates smooth muscle and glands

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7
Q

Function of visceral sensory fibres

A

Afferent inputs from pharynx, larynx, lung, heart etc.

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8
Q

Function of general sensory fibres

A

Afferent inputs from skin and mucous membranes e.g. touch, temperature, pain

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9
Q

Function of special sensory fibres

A 
taste
smell
vision 
hearing 
balance
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10
Q

Function of olfactory nerve

A

Smell

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11
Q

Fibres in olfactory nerve

A

Special sensory

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12
Q

Pathway of olfactory nerve

A

Passes through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enters the olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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13
Q

Consequence of a tear in the olfactory nerve

A

Anosmia

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14
Q

Where does the optic nerve enter the skull

A

Via optic canal

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15
Q

Optic nerves join to form

A

optic chiasm

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16
Q

Fibres from what half of the retina cross to form the optic tract?

A

Medial (nasal)

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17
Q

Type of fibre in the optic nerve

A

Special sensory

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18
Q

Section of the right optic nerve would cause blindness in what eye?

A

Right

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19
Q

Section of optic chiasm would cause what pattern of vision loss?

A

Bilateral hemianopia

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20
Q

Section of right optic tract would cause what pattern of vision loss?

A

Left homonymous hemianopia (blindness in left temporal and right nasal fields)

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21
Q

Path of oculomotor nerve

A

Emerges from midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Fibre types in oculomotor nerve

A

Somatic motor

Visceral motor

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23
Q

Muscles innervated by somatic motor fibres of the oculomotor nerve

A

Extraocular muscles

Levator palpebrae superioris

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24
Q

Function of visceral motor fibres of oculomotor nerve

A

Parasympathetic innervation to pupil causing constriction and to ciliary muscle causing accommodation of the lens

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25
Clinical term for drooping of the upper eyelid
Ptosis
26
Path of trochlear nerve
Emerges from dorsal surface of the midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure
27
Type of fibre in trochlear nerve
Somatic motor
28
Path of abducent nerve
Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via superior orbital fissure
29
Type of fibre in abducent nerve
Somatic motor
30
Branches of trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular
31
Path of ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion, exits via superior orbital fissure
32
Type of fibre in ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
General sensory
33
Path of maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion and exits via foramen rotundum
34
Type of fibre in maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
General sensory
35
Path of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion, exits via foramen ovale
36
Type of fibre in mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
General sensory | Somatic motor
37
Muscles innervated by somatic motor fibres of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Muscles of mastication Part of digastric muscle Tensor veli palatinin Tensor tympani
38
Consequences of damage to mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Paralysis of muscles of mastication Loss of corneal/sneezing reflex Loss of sensation in the face Trigeminal neuralgia
39
Path of the facial nerve
Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen
40
Type of fibre in facial nerve
Somatic motor Visceral motor Special sensory General sensory
41
Structures innervated by somatic motor fibres of the facial nerve
Muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle
42
Structures innervated by visceral motor fibres of the facial nerve
Parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of the nose and palate
43
Structures innervated by special sensory fibres of the facial nerve
Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue, soft palate
44
What is facial nerve palsy also known as?
Bell's palsy
45
Path of vestibulocochlear nerve
Emerges from between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular and cochlear nerves
46
Type of fibre in vestibulocochlear nerve
Special sensory
47
Function of special sensory fibres of vestibulocochlear nerve
Vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule to give sense of position and movement, hearing from spiral organ
48
Consequences of damage to vestibulocochlear nerve
Deafness Vertigo Nystagmus
49
Path of glossopharyngeal nerve
Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen
50
Type of fibre in glossopharyngeal nerve
``` Special sensory General sensory Visceral sensory Visceral motor Somatic motor ```
51
Function of special sensory fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve
taste from posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
52
Function of general sensory fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve
cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity
53
Function of visceral sensory fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve
Sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus
54
Function of visceral motor fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve
parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
55
Function of somatic motor fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve
innervation to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing
56
Consequence of damage to glossopharyngeal nerve
Loss of gag reflex and taste from posterior 1/3rd of tongue
57
Path of vagus nerve
Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen
58
Type of fibre in vagus nerve
``` Special sensory General sensory Visceral sensory Visceral motor Somatic motor ```
59
Function of special sensory fibres of vagus nerve
taste from epiglottis and palate
60
Function of general sensory fibres of vagus nerve
sensation from auricle and external acoustic meatus
61
Function of visceral sensory fibres of vagus nerve
sensation from pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach and intestines
62
Function of visceral motor fibres of vagus nerve
parasympathetic innervation of muscles in bronchi, gut, heart
63
Function of somatic motor fibres of vagus nerve
Innervation of pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus
64
Consequence of damage to pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve
difficulty swallowing
65
Consequence of damage to laryngeal branches of vagus nerve
difficulty speaking
66
Path of accessory nerve
Small cranial and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen
67
Type of fibre in accessory nerve
Somatic motor
68
Structures innervated by somatic motor fibres of accessory nerve
Striated muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx | Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
69
Consequence of damage to accessory nerve
weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders
70
Path of hypoglossal nerve
Emerges from medulla and exits through hypoglossal canal
71
Type of fibre in hypoglossal nerve
Somatic motor
72
Structures innervated by hypoglossal nerve
muscles of tongue

Nervous System (44 decks)

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