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NEURO > CRANIAL NERVES > Flashcards

CRANIAL NERVES Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cranks nerves

A 
1 olfatory 
2 optic 
3 oculomotor
4 trochlear
5 trigemal 
6 abducens 
7 facial 
8 vagus
9 glossopharyngeal 
10 Vestibulocochlear
11 accessory 
12 hypoglossal
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2
Q

What are somatic nerves

A

derived from stomates e.g. skin and muscle

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3
Q

special sensory ?

A

olfaction visual balance taste position and hearing

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4
Q

sensory autonomic egs

A

blood pressure
co2 blood conc
light coming into eye

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5
Q

motor autonomic egs

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
adrenal glands
focusing with eyes

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6
Q

4 parasympathetic cranial nerves?

A 
1973!!!!!!
10 vagus
9 glossopharyngeal 
7 facial 
3 oculomotor
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7
Q

Location of olfactory CNI

A

comes through cribiform plate

passes into uncus of temporal lobe

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8
Q

Function of CN I olfactory

A

sense of smell

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9
Q

What nerve is commonly damaged in fractures to anterior cranial fossa

A

olfactory CN 1

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10
Q

Where does optic nerve 2 enter skull

A

optic canal

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11
Q

Where does the Optic nerve (CN II) join the opposite one?

A

optic chiasm

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12
Q

how to test Optic nerve CN II

A

visual fields
pupil reflexes
visual acuity
fundoscopy

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13
Q

Where does the Oculomotor nerve CN III carry parasympathetic fibres to and from?

A

From dinger - wistful nucleus in the tegmentum to ciliary muscles and sphincter papillary muscles (parasympathetic) - light constriction

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14
Q

function of Oculomotor nerve CN III

A

Accommodation of ciliary muscles and sphincter papillary muscles

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15
Q

is pupil dilate sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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16
Q

What does Oculomotor nerve CN III innervate

A 
medial rectus 
superior rectus 
inferior rectus 
inferior oblique 
lavator 
pupillary constrictors
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17
Q

what sinus does Oculomotor nerve CN III run through

A

cavernous sinus

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18
Q

what muscles does the Oculomotor nerve CN III use to maintain open eyelid

A

LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS MUSCLE

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19
Q

Oculomotor nerve CN III sensory or motor?

A

motor

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20
Q

Optic nerve CN II sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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21
Q

Olfactory nerve CN I sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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22
Q

Trochlear Nerve CN IV sensory or motor?

A

motor

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23
Q

Function of Trochlear Nerve CN IV

A

innervates Superior oblique

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24
Q

what sinus does Trochlear Nerve CN IV run through

A

Cavernous sinus

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25
Q

What does damage to Trochlear Nerve CN IV cause patient to complain of

A

double vision as they look down

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26
Q

Trigeminal Nerve CN V sensory or motor ?

A

both

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27
Q

what are the 3 branches of Trigeminal Nerve CN V

A

1 OPTHALMIC V1

2 MAXILLARY V2

3 MANDIBULAR V3

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28
Q

exit and function of ophthalmic branch v1

A

exits through the superior orbital fissure

sensory from eye and upper face

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29
Q

exit and function of Maxillary branch V2

A

exist through foramen rotundum

sensory

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30
Q

,exit and function of mandibular branch V3

A

exits through foreman ovale
sensory and motor (for mastication)
general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue and inside cheek

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31
Q

where do Trigeminal Nerve CN V meet

A

Meckels Cave

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32
Q

whats Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

damage to sensory gangion resulting in numb face and false input to the trigeminal nuclei resulting in spontaneous firing = pain inside the face

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33
Q

What sinus does Trigeminal Nerve CN V run through

A

cavernous sinus

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34
Q

What will damage to Trigeminal Nerve CN V cause

A

Loss of corneal (blink) reflect on affected eye

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35
Q

Trigeminal Nerve CN V

testing:

A

senstaion to face

muscles of jaw 
jaw jerk (reflex)

corneal reflex

36
Q

Abducens nerve CN VI sensory or motor?

A

Motor

37
Q

function of Abducens nerve CN VI

A

innervates lateral rectus

38
Q

What will damage to Abducens nerve CN VI result in

A

inabilty to abduct the affected eye

39
Q

Facial Nerve CN VII sensory or motor?

A

BOTH

40
Q

Facial Nerve CN VII somatic motor function?

A

muscle of facial expression

41
Q

Facial Nerve CN VII visceral motor function?

A 
lacrimal glands (tears) 
Submandibular n sublingual salivary glands
42
Q

Facial Nerve CN VII special sensation function

A

Taste buds of anterior 2/3 of tongue

43
Q

where does Facial Nerve CN VII exit the skull

A

via internal acoustic meatus

course closely related to ear

44
Q

where is Facial Nerve CN VII nucleus

A

tegmentum of the PONS

45
Q

where do corticobulbar fibres of Facial Nerve CN VII innervate

A 
Contralateral = innervation of lower face 
Bilateral = innervation of upper face
46
Q

4 causes of bells palsy

A
  • Lesion of Facial Nerve CN VII (see dribbling outside of mouth)
  • Fractures of petrous bone
  • Middle ear infections
  • Inflammation of the Parotid Gland (of which Facial Nerve CN VII passes through)
47
Q

Testing for motor function of Facial Nerve CN VII

A
  • inspect face at rest for any weakness of asymmetry
  • Look for flattening go the nasolabial folds and drooping of lower eye lid
  • smile
  • Raise eyebrows
  • Shut eyes tightly
  • Frown
48
Q

Testing for sensory function of Facial Nerve CN VII

A

this is harder

touch the lateral aspect of the tongue with a cocktail stick
(sipped in sugar, salt, or vinegar) and ask the patient to identify the taste

49
Q

Is the Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII sensory or motor

A

sensory

50
Q

function of Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII

A

Conducts auditory and vestibular-related impulses from the organ of corti (sound), semicircular canals, the utricle and saccule( vestibular)

51
Q

How to test Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII (sound)

A
  • tuning fork

- or whispering number into patients ear

52
Q

2 causes of deafness

A

1 CONDUCTIVE - sound not getting to ear

2 NEUROLOGICAL - problems with nerves/organs of corti

53
Q

What is Nystagmus and what is it a sign of

A

Rapid involuntary abnormal eye movement

sign of vestibular dysfunction

54
Q

Effects of damage to Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII

A 
deafness 
dizziness 
nausea 
loss of balance 
nystagmus
55
Q

Causes of damage to Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII

A

It runs v close to the bone

  • V affected by surroundng tumours- if tumour arises in internal acoustic meatus = press on Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII and Facial Nerve CN VII
  • skull fracture
  • Toxic Drug effects
  • Ear Infections
56
Q

Is the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX sensory of motor?

A

both

57
Q

Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX exit the skull

A

Via jugular foramen

58
Q

What nerves exit the skull via Jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Vagus CN X
Accessory CN XI

59
Q

What does the parasympathetic motor fibres of the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX do

A
  • Elevates the pharynx (motor to stylopharyngeus swallowing and gag reflex)
  • Secretion of the PAROTID GLAND (SALIVARY)
60
Q

What does the parasympathetic sensory fibres of the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX do

A
  • Sensation from external ear
  • Posterior 1/3rd of tongue - pain/ temp/ touch
  • Pharynx - touch,pain,temp
  • Eustachian tube - Touch, pain, temp
  • Carotid sinus & body - baro&chemoreception
61
Q

Is the Vagus Nerve CN X sensory or motor

A

both

62
Q

Where does the Is the Vagus Nerve CN X exit the skull

A

Via jugular foramen

63
Q

Where does Is the Vagus Nerve CN X emerge

A

from the medulla - between the pyramid and inferior cerebellar peduncle

64
Q

Function of Vagus Nerve CN X (7)

A

Taste via posterior pharynx

Swallowing muscles of pharynx and larynx (EXCEPT THE STYLOPHARYNGEUS (CN 9))

cardiovascular and GI regulation

sensation of hunger

sensation of fullness

sensation to external ear

causes a decreased heart rate and blood pressure when stimulated ( parasympathetic)

65
Q

What nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid msucle)

A

RECCURANT LARYNGEAL NERVE (Vagus derivative)

66
Q

What does hoarseness of voice mean in patient

A

Sign of vocal chord paralysis caused by compression/damage of recurrent laryngeal

67
Q

What does a nasal voice in patient mean how do u test this

A

sign of palate paralysis

ask patient to say ‘AH” and observe palate

68
Q

What does a bilateral lesion of the Vagus Nerve CN X cause

A

palate fails to rise

69
Q

what does a unilateral paralysis of Vagus Nerve CN X cause

A

both palate and uvula deviate to the normal side away from the lesion

70
Q

What does an absence of the gag reflex suggest

A

lesion in glossopharyngeal or vagus

71
Q

Accessory Nerve CN XI sensory or motor?

A

both

72
Q

function of Accessory Nerve CN XI

A
  • suplies sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles
73
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the Accessory Nerve CN XI located

A

ventral horn of the upper 5 segments of the spinal cord

74
Q

Where does the Accessory Nerve CN XI exit the skull

A

via jugular foramen

75
Q

Where does the Accessory Nerve CN XI send fibres through

A

Foramen magnum which then exits skull through jugular foramen

76
Q

Examination of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius to test Accessory Nerve CN XI ..

A

Sternocleidomastoid
ask patient to turn head against resistance - paralysis sis present = difficulty rotating head to the side opposite lesion

Trapezius
ask patient to shrug shoulders again resistance - paralysis is present = inability to shrug

77
Q

which nerve has both cranial and spinal roots

A

Accessory Nerve CN XI

78
Q

Which vein does the Accessory Nerve CN XI run in close proximity to

A

Internal Jugular

also exits via jugular foramen

79
Q

injury of Accessory Nerve CN XI causes

A

paralysis of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles on same side as lesion

80
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII sensory or motor

A

motor

81
Q

function of Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII

A

Suplies intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

= tongue movements in speech, food manipulation and swallowing

82
Q

Where are the cel bodies of the Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII located

A

hypoglossal nucleus

which lies between dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus abfc midline of medulla

83
Q

Where does Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII exit the skull

A

hypoglosaal canal

84
Q

Testing function of Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII

A

ask patient to portrude tongue
atrophy and fibrillations (rapid uncontolled contraction of muscle )
= signs of LOWER MOTOT LESION
= tongue deviation towards the lesion

85
Q

What will damage of Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII cause

A

paralysis of the Ipsilateral half of the tongue

LICKS THE LESION (tongue movement towards the lesion )

NEURO (9 decks)

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