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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves is there?

A

12

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2
Q

How would nerves be prone to compression?

A

Inflammation
Tumours
Fractures

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3
Q

What type of fibres may cranial nerves contain?

A 
Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Visceral sensory 
General sensory 
Special sensory
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4
Q

What does somatic motor fibres supply?

A

Striated muscle

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5
Q

What do visceral motor fibres supply?

A

Parasympathetic supply innervating smooth muscles and glands

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6
Q

What do visceral sensory fibres do?

A

Afferent inputs from pharynx, larynx, heart, lung gut etc

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7
Q

What do general sensory fibres do?

A

Afferent inputs (e.g. touch, temp, pain) from skin and mucous membranes

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8
Q

What is involved in special sensory fibres?

A 
Taste
Smell 
Vision 
Hearing 
Balance
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9
Q

Neumonic to remember the cranial nerves

A

OOH To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables AH

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10
Q

What is CNI?

A

Olfactory

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11
Q

What is CNII?

A

Optic

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12
Q

What is CNIII?

A

Oculomotor

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13
Q

What is CNIV?

A

Trochlear

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14
Q

What is CNV?

A

Trigeminal

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15
Q

What is CNVI?

A

Abducent

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16
Q

What is CNVII?

A

Facial

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17
Q

What is CNVIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear

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18
Q

What is CNIX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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19
Q

What is CNX?

A

Vagus

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20
Q

What is CNXI?

A

Accessory

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21
Q

What is CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal

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22
Q

Function of CNI

A

Sensory - smell

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23
Q

Function of CNII

A

Sensory - vision

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24
Q

Function of CNIII

A

Motor - eye movement

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25
Function of CNIV
Motor - eye movement
26
Function of CNV
Mixed - sensation from face and mouth - muscles of mastication
27
Function of CNVI
Motor - eye movement
28
Function of CNVII
Mixed - muscles of facial expression - parasympathetic - taste
29
Function of CNVIII
Sensory - hearing - balance
30
Function of CNIX
Mixed - swallowing - sensation from tongue - parasympathetic
31
Function of CNX
Mixed - muscles of throat - parasympathetic - visceral sensory
32
Function of CNXI
Motor - soft palate - throat - neck
33
Function of CNXII
Motor - tongue
34
Pathway of olfactory nerve
Receptors in olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity Olfactory nerve fibres pass through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Enter olfactory bulb in anterior cranial fossa
35
Pathway of optic nerve
Enters via optic canal Nerves join to form optic chiasm Fibres from medial (nasal) half of each retina cross to form the optic tract
36
What can increased CSF pressure do to the optic nerve?
Cause papilledema
37
What would section of the right optic nerve cause?
Blindness through the right eye
38
What would section of the optic chiasm cause?
Loss of peripheral vision (bitemporal hemianopia)
39
What would section of the right optic tract cause?
Blindness in the left temporal and right nasal fields (left homonymous hemianopsia)
40
Pathway of the oculomotor
Emerges from midbrain | Exits via superior orbital fissure
41
What does the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) supply?
Somatic motor - extraocular muscles (SR, MR, IR + IO) - eyelid - LPS Visceral motor - parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction - ciliary muscle causing accommodation of the lens
42
Pathway of the trochlear nerve
Emerges from dorsal surface of the midbrain | Exits via superior orbital fissure
43
Which extraocular muscle does the trochlear nerve give supply to?
Superior oblique
44
If the trochlear nerve was damaged, what would be seen?
Diplopia when looking down
45
Pathway of abducent nerve
Emerges between pons and medulla | Exits via superior orbital fissure
46
Which extraocular muscle does the abducent muscle supply?
Lateral rectus
47
The 3 trigeminal nerves
CNV1 - ophthalmic CNV2 - maxillary CNV3 - mandibular
48
Pathway of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV1)
Emerges from pons Travels through trigeminal ganglion Exists via superior orbital fissure
49
Function of CNV1
``` General sensory - cornea - forehead - scalp - eyelids - nose - muscosa of nasal cavity and sinuses ```
50
Pathway of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Emerges from pons Travels through trigeminal ganglion Exits via foramen rotundum
51
Function of CV2
General sensory - face over maxilla - maxillary teeth - temporomandibular joint - mucosa of nose - maxillary sinuses - palate
52
Pathway of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
Emerges from the pons Travels through the trigeminal ganglion Exists via foramen ovale
53
Function of CNV3
``` General sensory - face over mandible - mandibular teeth - temporomandibular joint - mucosa of mouth - anterior 2/3rds of tongue Somatic motor - muscles of mastication - part of digastric - tensor veli palatinin - tensor tympani ```
54
Pathway of facial nerve
Emerges between pons and medulla | Exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen
55
Function of facial nerve
``` Somatic motor - muscles of facial expression - scalp - stapedius of middle ear - part of digastric muscle Visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose and palate Special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue - soft palate General sensory from external acoustic meatus ```
56
Why is the facial nerve frequently injured?
Due to its long pathway through the bone
57
What is a common condition that occurs when the facial nerve is damaged?
Bells palsy
58
Features of bells palsy
Cannot frown Close eyelid Bare teeth
59
Pathway of vestibulocochlear nerve
Emerges between pons and medulla Exits via internal acoustic meatus Divides into vestibular and cochlear nerves
60
What does the vestibulochochlear nerve divide into?
Vestibular nerve | Cochlear nerve
61
Function of vestibulocochlear nerve
Special sensory (sense of position and movement) - vestibular sensation from semi-circular ducts - utricle - saccule - hearing from spiral organ
62
Pathway of glossopharyngeal nerve
Emerges from medulla | Exits via jugular foramen
63
Function of glossopharyngeal nerve
Special sensory - taste from posterior 3rd of tongue General sensory - cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity Visceral sensory - Sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus Visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland Somatic motor - stylopharyngeus - helps with swallowing
64
Pathway of the vagus nerve
Emerges from medulla Exits via jugular canal Goes everywhere
65
Function of vagus nerve
``` Special sensory - taste from epiglottis and palate General sensory - sensation from auricle - external acoustic meatus Visceral sensory - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - heart - oesophagus - stomach - intestine Visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heart Somatic motor - pharynx - larynx - palate - oesophagus ```
66
What would damage to the pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve cause?
Difficulty in swallowing
67
What would damage to the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve cause?
Difficulty in speaking
68
Pathway of the accessory nerve
Small cranial (medulla) and large spinal routes exit via jugular foramen
69
Function of accessory nerve
Somatic motor - striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx and larynx - sternocleidomastoid - trapezius
70
Pathway of hypoglossal nerve
Emerges from medulla | Exits through hypoglossal canal
71
Function of hypoglossal nerve
Somatic motor to muscles of the tongue
72
When is the hypoglossal nerve vulnerable to damage?
During tonsillectomy
73
If the hypoglossal nerve was damaged, what would be the presentation?
Paralysis and atrophy of the ipsilateral half of the tongue | Tip deviates towards the affected side

Neuro Physiology (15 decks)

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