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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Where does the 1st cranial nerve pass through ?

A

Cribriform Plate

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2
Q

Where are the receptors for the olfactory nerve found ?

A

In the Olfactory Epithelium

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3
Q

What type of nerve fibres does the 1st cranial nerve carry ?

A

Special Sensory - Smell

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4
Q

What might an increase in CSF cause in the eye ?

A

Papilloedema

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5
Q

What type of nerve fibres does the 2nd cranial nerve carry ?

A

Special Sensory - Vision

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6
Q

Where does the 3rd cranial nerve emerge ?

A

Ventral Midbrain

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7
Q

Which nerve pass out of the Superior Orbital Fissure ?

A

3, 4, 5-V1 and 6

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8
Q

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres ?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10

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9
Q

If there was a problem with the 3rd cranial nerve what signs would there be on examination ?

A
  • Ptosis
  • Eye down and out
  • Pupil would be dilated
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10
Q

What fibres does the 3rd nerve carry ?

A
  • Somatic motor to the Extraoccular muscles and eyelid

- Autonomic motor to the Spincter Pupillae and Ciliary Body muscle

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11
Q

Where does the 4th cranial nerve emerge from ?

A

Dorsal part of the midbrain

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12
Q

What fibres does the 4th nerve carry ?

A

Somatic motor to the Superior Oblique

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13
Q

What symptoms would patient get if 4th nerve wasn’t functioning ?

A
  • Diplopia

- Eye moves up and and out

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14
Q

Where does the 6th cranial nerve emerge ?

A

Pontomedullary junction

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15
Q

What fibres does it carry ?

A

Somatic motor to lateral rectus

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16
Q

Signs/symptoms of 6th cranial nerve palsy ?

A
  • Eye deviates medially

- Diplopia

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17
Q

Where does the 5th cranial nerve emerge

A

The surface of the pons

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18
Q

What does V1 innervate and what fibres does it carry ?

A

General sensory from the forehead, scalp, eyelid, cornea, nose and sinuses

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19
Q

What reflexes are lost when CN 5 is damaged ?

A

Corneal and Jaw reflexes

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20
Q

Where does V2 pass through ?

A

Foramen Rotundum

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21
Q

Where does V3 pass through ?

A

Foramen Ovale

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22
Q

What does V2 innervate and what fibres does it carry ?

A

General sensory from the maxilla, maxillary teeth, nose, sinuses , lip, palate and the TMJ

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23
Q

What pathology which involves excruciating pain can occur if CN 5 is damaged ?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

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24
Q

What does V3 innervate and what fibres does it carry ?

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A

General sensory from the mandible, TMJ, low lib, mandublar teeth and the tongue (anterior 2/3rds).

Somatic motor to the muscles of mastication e.g. Temporalis, Masseter, Lateral and Medial Pterygoids.

25
What other muscles does V3 innervate ?
Anterior part of Digastric, Tensor Veli Palatini and Tensor Tympani.
26
Where does the facial nerve emerge from ?
Pontomedullary junction
27
What nerves pass through the Internal Acoustic Meatus ?
Facial and Vestibulocochlear
28
What is the course of the facial nerve ?
Through the IAM, Facial Canal and out of the Stylomastoid Foramen.
29
What does the facial nerve innervate and what fibres does it carry ?
- Somatic motor to the muscles of facial expression, stapedius and posterior belly of digastric. - Autonomic motor to submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands. - Special sensory from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue via the Chorda Tympani. - General sensory from the external acoustic meatus
30
What pathology occurs when the facial nerve is damage ?
Bell's palsy
31
What are the signs of Bell's Palsy ?
- Cannot close eyelids - Can't smile - Can't purse lips - Cannot wrinkle forehead
32
Where does cranial nerve 8 arise from ?
Pontomedullary junction
33
What fibre type does CN 8 carry ?
Special Sensory - Hearing and Balance
34
What happens when CN 8 is damaged ?
- Vertigo - Tinnitus - Deafness - Nystagmus
35
Which nerves exits via the jugular foramen ?
9, 10 and 11
36
What fibres does CN 9 carry ?
- Special sensory from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue. - General sensory from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue and to the middle ear. - Autonomic motor to the parotid gland - Visceral sensory from the carotid body and sinus - Somatic motor to the Stylopharyngeus
37
What occurs when CN 9 is damaged ?
Loss of gag reflex | Loss of taste to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
38
Which CN's emerge from the medulla ?
9, 10, 11 and 12
39
What fibres does CN 10 carry ?
- Special sensory from the epiglottis and palate (Taste). - General sensory from the external acoustic meatus. - Visceral sensory from many organs - Autonomic motor to muscles of bronchi, gut and heart. - Somatic motor to pharynx and larynx.
40
What troubles would a patient have if pharyngeal and laryngeal branches of vagus were damaged ?
Difficulty swallowing and speaking.
41
What fibres does CN 11 carry ?
Somatic motor to SCM and Trapezius
42
What actions would be affected in CN 11 was damaged ?
Patient wouldn't be able to turn head against resistance or shrug shoulders.
43
Where does the hypoglossal nerve pass out of the skull ?
Hypoglossal canal
44
What fibres does Hypoglossal carry ?
Somatic motor to the muscles of the tongue
45
What nerve is vulnerable to damage during a tonsillectomy ?
Hypoglossal nerve
46
What signs would patient present with who had a damage CN 12 ?
Wasting and paralysis of affected side of tongue. Tongue would deviate to affected side.
47
If cranial 5 and 8 are dysfunctioning where would the problem be likely to be at ?
Pontomedullary junction
48
If there are unusual signs that don't make sense on examination what should you think ?
Chronic or malignant meningitis
49
If there are just motor signs what should you think ?
Myasthenia Gravis
50
What are the causes of dilated pupils ?
- Young - Dark room - Cocaine overdose - Mhdriatic eye drops
51
What are the causes of constricted pupils ?
- Elderly - Opioid overdose - Mitotic eye drops - Bright lighting
52
What condition present with mitosis ?
Horner's syndrome
53
What microvascular problems will cause painful palsies ?
Hypertension and diabetes
54
What are the causes of nystagmus ?
- Vestibular system dysfunctioning - Tumours - Toxins
55
What is trigeminal neuralgia ?
If you have trigeminal neuralgia, even mild stimulation of your face such as from brushing your teeth or putting on makeup may trigger excruciating pain.
56
How do we treat trigeminal neuralgia ?
Carbamazepine
57
Is Bulbar palsy an UMN or LMN palsy ?
LMN - Due to lesions in the IC
58
Is Pseudo-bulbar palsy an UMN or LMN palsy ?
UMN - Due to lesions in the medulla
59
Which conditions is Bulbar palsy seen in ?
MND and Polio

Neurology (16 decks)

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