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Anatomy Fall 2012 > Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX, X > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX, X Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives

A

Identify cranial nerves that contain autonomic fivers by ame and ROman numeral

ID all foramina and oher cranial passages traverse by these cranial nerves

ID these cranial nerves on the brain as well as in teh skull

Describe all types of fibers conveyed by these cranial nerves

ID all ganglia ass with these cranial nerves and describe theri contents and function

Describe the postganglionic fibers that arise form teh ganglia, their course, target, and fucntions

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial Nerve

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4
Q

Cranial Nerce IX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

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5
Q

Cranial Neve X

A

Vagus Nerve

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve Pnemonic (Motor, Sensory, or BOth)

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Boys Marry Money

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7
Q

Which fossa does OCULOMOTOR NERVE come from under base of brain?

A

interpeduncular fossa (cortex

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8
Q

Where does Facial Nerve/ Inetermediate nerve come from under base of brain?

A

comees out of sucuz between PONS and MEDUALLA

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9
Q

Where does CN IX and CN X come from?

A

Medulla (can’t tell them apart)

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10
Q

What is CN III near when lookin at superior view of skull?

A

Near Internal Carotid Artery

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11
Q

Does Facial Nerve insert into Inernal Auditory Meatus?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Which Foramen does the Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and Vagus (X) (also spinal accessory nerve) exit?

A

Jugular Foramen

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13
Q

Which muscles are moved by the CNII?

A

Somatic Motor: Supplies four of the six extraocular muscles of the eye and the levator palpebrae superioris muscle of the upper eyelid.

Visceral Motor:Parasympathetic innervation of the constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles.

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14
Q

Which extrocular muscle are innervated by CN III?

A

Ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle

Ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle

Ipsilateral medial rectus muscle

Contralateral superior rectus muscle

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15
Q

What other eye muscle does CN III innervate?

A

innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscles bilaterally. These muscles elevate the upper eyelids.W

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16
Q

What nerves innervate superior oblique? Lateral Rectus?

A

superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles, are innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV) and abducens nerve (CN VI), respectively.

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17
Q

Which fissure does CNIII go through>

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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18
Q

Prenganglionic parasympathetic fibers arisign from neurons in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and conveyed by the oculomotor nerve synapse upon postgalnglionic neurons in teh ciliary ganglion

A

yes

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19
Q

Wha tdoes the postganglionic neurons give rist o?

A

postganglionic fibers which are conveyed to the sphincter pupillaie and ciliary mm. by the short ciliary nerves

Impulses stiulate their contraciton

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20
Q

What ganglion does the CNIII synapse onto?

A

Ciliary Ganglion

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21
Q

What is the pupillary light reflex?

A

circular fibers inpupil; reflex that causes circular fibers in eye to constrict and decrease in diameter

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22
Q

Function of Sphincter Pupillaie M? Sym or PS?

A

CIRCULAR fibers that when contracted, DECREASE Diamater of the PUPIL (Parasympathetic control)

in papillary light reflex

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23
Q

Function of Dilator Pupillaie Muscle. Symp or PS? Where do postganglionic fibers arise from?

A

Radial fiber sthat when contracted increases the diameter of the pupil

SYMPATHETIC CONTROl- postganglionic fibers arise from superior cervical ganglion.

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24
Q

Zonule Fibers

A

Suspsensory fibers of the lens, tension due to introcular eye pressure

25
Q

Ciliary Muscle. Distal sigh passive or activ?

A

contraction decreases the circumference of the muslce creating SLACK int eh zonule fibers allowing the lens to thicken by elastic rebound

Distal site- flattened lens –> PASSIVE

Near site- curved lens –> active

26
Q

Describe pathway of Preganglionic Parasympathetic neuron

A

Edinger-Westphal nuclues –> Oculomotor nerve –> through superior orbital fissure –> synapse at ciliary ganglion –> postganglionic Parasympathetic fibers = short ciliary nerves –> 1) sphincter pupillae, 2) Ciliary muslce, 3) Ciliary processes (aqueous humor)

27
Q

Describe pathway of Lower motor neurons for extraocular eye muscles

A 
Lower motor nuerons --> pass oculomotor nerve --> pass Superior orbital fissure --> Motor fibers to
1.Levator Palebraie superiorir muslce
Superior rectus m.
Medial Rectus m.
Inferior Rectus m
Inferior Oblique m.
28
Q

pathway for Sympathetic

A

Preganglionic Sympathetic from T1-T3 –> synapse at Superior cerical ganglion –> postganglionic sympahtetic fibers course in teh adventittia of the carotid artery and its branches –> short ciliary nerves –> dilator pupillae muslce and vessels / Superior and inferior tarsal mm and vessels

29
Q

What other cranial nerves are tested with CN III?

A

CN III, IV, VI

requires hed to be fixed to prevent head movment

Patietn is confornted and aksed to follow finger movments which tets mucuslar funciton of the extraocular eye muscles and thus somatic motor fibers contained in CN III as well as CN IV and CN VI

30
Q

Where does CN VII enter frove?

A

petrous bone via internal acoustic meatus

31
Q

What is the Geniculate Ganglion?

A

Psuedounipoloar neurons = primary sensory neurons of the facial nerve

32
Q

Greater PEtrosal Nerve

A

preganglionic parasympathric neurons- preganglionic fibers will synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion

33
Q

Deep Petrosal Nerve

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion being conveyed by internal carotid artery

34
Q

Nerve of pterygoid Canal

A

combined greater and deep petrosial neves- deep poterosal fibers will pass thorugh ptergypalatine ganglion but not synapse

35
Q

What is the nervus intermedius?

A

Sensory root of Fa ial Nerve CN VII

36
Q

How do you test Motor fucntino of CN VII (Facial)

A

have patient wrinke forehead, smile, show teeth and whistle

37
Q

what will happen witha persion who has a pERIPHERAL lesion of the PRIMARY root

A

result in an ENTIRE paralysis of PARESIS of one-half of IPSILATERAL face-

38
Q

What will happen if there is a CENTRAL LESION of CN VII

A

centrallesion will spare upper half of face

39
Q

Hyperacusis

A

sensitivity to loud sounds- paralysis of paresis of ipsilateral STAPEDIUS MUSCLE

40
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

When total paralysis on 1/2 of face; PERIPHERAL PARALYSIS- total invovlement of ipsilateral half of face

Droopy mouth, paralyzes muscles in eyelid

Eyeball moistened, lacrimal gland fine, but tears will come out of eye, not distributed over eye evenetly

41
Q

Central Paralysis

A

upper half of face spared

If lesion on central paralysis, still hve other upper motor neurons in motor cortex tht across over

Neurons that cross oer only innervate top half of the contralateral side

42
Q

How do you test SENSORY portion of CN VII

A

CORNEAL REFLEX- wisp of cotton touched to ipsilateral cornea should elicit a corneal reflex and both eyes should shut- damage to CN VII is a loss of efferent limb of reflex

TASTE- is tested using salt, sugar and bitter solutions applied to sides of tongue protruded from mouth–taste to be before tongue

43
Q

How to test parasympathetic fibers of CN VII

A

PS fibers are secretomotor to sublingual, submandibular, and lacrimal glands-

pateints wil have symtom of dry mouth if chorda tympani neve
submandibular ganglion
or postganglionic fibers have been damaged and/or dry eye if greater petrosal nerve
nerve of pterygoid cancal
pterygopalatine ganglion or postgalgnlionic fibers in lacrimal nerve ahve been damaged

44
Q

What can be damaged in CN VII if dry mouth?

A

chorda tyani nerve
submandiublar ganglion
postganglionic fibers

45
Q

What can be dmaged if dry eye is a symptom

A

greater petrosal nerve
nerve of pterygoid cnal
pterygopalatine ganglion
postganglionic fivers in lacrimaln eve have ebeen damaged

46
Q

What symptoms would result from damage to facila nerve PROXIMAL TO GENICULATE GANGLION and origin of GREATER PETROSAL N.

A

Flaccid paralysis of ipsilateral half of face (Bells palsy(

Decreased mucous produciton in ipsilateral nasal and oral cavities

Decreased lacrimation by ipsilateral lacrimal gland

decreased salivaion from ipsilateral submandibular and sublingual glands

some loss of cutanesou innervation from ipsialteral pinna nad exernal auditory canal (tough to etst)

Decreased taste sensation from ipsilateral anterior 2/3 of tongue

loss of corneal reflex

47
Q

Summary of symptoms if dmage is DISTAL to geniculate ganglion but proximal to exit of nerve to STAPEDIUS muscle and and chorda tympani

A

decreased salivation and taste

Flaccid paralysis of half of face

hyperacusis

loss of corneal reflex

all ipsilateral but sparing of lacrimation

mucous produciton as greater petrosal nerve is spared

48
Q

What are sympsoms if dmaange to facial nerve is AT or DISTAL to stylomastoid foramen

A

flaccid paralysis of half of face (Bell’s Palsy)

loss of corneal reflex but to parasympathetic sympoms or loss of taste

49
Q

What will happen if there is a CENTRAL LESION of CN VII

A

centrallesion will spare upper half of face

50
Q

Hyperacusis

A

sensitivity to loud sounds- paralysis of paresis of ipsilateral STAPEDIUS MUSCLE

51
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

When total paralysis on 1/2 of face; PERIPHERAL PARALYSIS- total invovlement of ipsilateral half of face

Droopy mouth, paralyzes muscles in eyelid

Eyeball moistened, lacrimal gland fine, but tears will come out of eye, not distributed over eye evenetly

52
Q

Central Paralysis

A

upper half of face spared

If lesion on central paralysis, still hve other upper motor neurons in motor cortex tht across over

Neurons that cross oer only innervate top half of the contralateral side

53
Q

How do you test SENSORY portion of CN VII

A

CORNEAL REFLEX- wisp of cotton touched to ipsilateral cornea should elicit a corneal reflex and both eyes should shut- damage to CN VII is a loss of efferent limb of reflex

TASTE- is tested using salt, sugar and bitter solutions applied to sides of tongue protruded from mouth–taste to be before tongue

54
Q

How to test parasympathetic fibers of CN VII

A

PS fibers are secretomotor to sublingual, submandibular, and lacrimal glands-

pateints wil have symtom of dry mouth if chorda tympani neve
submandibular ganglion
or postganglionic fibers have been damaged and/or dry eye if greater petrosal nerve
nerve of pterygoid cancal
pterygopalatine ganglion or postgalgnlionic fibers in lacrimal nerve ahve been damaged

55
Q

What can be damaged in CN VII if dry mouth?

A

chorda tyani nerve
submandiublar ganglion
postganglionic fibers

56
Q

What can be dmaged if dry eye is a symptom

A

greater petrosal nerve
nerve of pterygoid cnal
pterygopalatine ganglion
postganglionic fivers in lacrimaln eve have ebeen damaged

57
Q

What symptoms would result from damage to facila nerve PROXIMAL TO GENICULATE GANGLION and origin of GREATER PETROSAL N.

A

Flaccid paralysis of ipsilateral half of face (Bells palsy(

Decreased mucous produciton in ipsilateral nasal and oral cavities

Decreased lacrimation by ipsilateral lacrimal gland

decreased salivaion from ipsilateral submandibular and sublingual glands

some loss of cutanesou innervation from ipsialteral pinna nad exernal auditory canal (tough to etst)

Decreased taste sensation from ipsilateral anterior 2/3 of tongue

loss of corneal reflex

58
Q

Summary of symptoms if dmage is DISTAL to geniculate ganglion but proximal to exit of nerve to STAPEDIUS muscle and and chorda tympani

A

decreased salivation and taste

Flaccid paralysis of half of face

hyperacusis

loss of corneal reflex

all ipsilateral but sparing of lacrimation

mucous produciton as greater petrosal nerve is spared

59
Q

What are sympsoms if dmaange to facial nerve is AT or DISTAL to stylomastoid foramen

A

flaccid paralysis of half of face (Bell’s Palsy)

loss of corneal reflex bu tno parasympathetic sympoms or loss of taste

Anatomy Fall 2012 (4 decks)

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