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SHB - Exam 3 > Cranial nerves & nuclei > Flashcards

Cranial nerves & nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

How many nerves are in the midbrain, pons and medulla? What are they?

A

2 in Midbrain - Cn 3 & 4
4 in pons - 5,6,7,8
4 in medulla - 9,10, 12 (11 technically in spinal cord)

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2
Q

Where are motor nuclei arranged in the brainstem? Sensory nuclei?

A

Motor = midline

Sensory = lateral

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3
Q

What functional component does CN 1 use? Which nucleus of origin? Where is it located?

A

olfactory Mucosa (not a nucleus)

  • SVA
  • smell!
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4
Q

What type of memory is most prominent? Which part of the brain is responsible for this?

A

SMELL MEMORY

  • hippocampus
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5
Q

What functional component does CN 2 use? Which nucleus of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. SSA
  2. LATERAL GENICULATE (superior colliculus)
    - retina
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6
Q

Where does the optic nerve end up synapsing? Which area is this and in what fissure?

A

Synapses in the OCCIPITAL CORTEX

  • Area 17
  • Calcarene Fissure

(optic visual fields are opposite the physical location)

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7
Q

Which fibers (nasal or temporal optic) cross?

A

NASAl fibers cross

  • optic fibers don’t
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8
Q

What does the optic nerve communicate with in the midbrain?

A

SUPERIOR colliculus & lateral geniculate

attached to back of thalamus

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9
Q

How do auditory fibers communicate to the brain

A

MEDIAL Geniculate via inferior colliculus

slo aim

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10
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 3 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located in the rostral midbrain?

A
  1. GVE & GSE
  2. GVE = Edinger-Westphal
    GSE = Oculomotor
  3. Interpeduncular Fossa

(GVE = sphincter pupillae + accommodate the lens)

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11
Q

Where is the EWN & Oculomotor Nucleus located in the midbrain?

A

in the middle under the PAG

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12
Q

What is the MLF responsible for?

A

controlling movement, turning eyes etc

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13
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 4 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. GSE (Superior Oblique)
  2. Trochlear Nuclei
  3. DORSAL side of the brain, fibers cross
  4. CAUDAL midbrain
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14
Q

Which nerve has the longest intracranial exposure?

A

CN 4

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15
Q

What is a lower motor neuron? Upper?

A
  • synapses in the spinal chord after coming from the brain

- motor neurons in the cerebral cortex or brainstem and carry information TO the lower motor neurons

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16
Q

What are signs of an upper motor neuron lesion? Lower?

A

Upper:

  1. Exaggerated Reflexes
  2. Spasticity
  3. Hemiplegia
  4. Babinski

Lower:

  1. Hyporeflexivity
  2. Fasciculations
  3. FLACCID PARALYSIS
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17
Q

What are corticobulbar fibers, upper or lower motor neurons?

A

UPPER

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18
Q

What is considered the “tee” under the Inferior colliculus (golfball)? What is its function?

A

Lateral Lemniscus

  • HEARING

(TEST)

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19
Q

What nerve sits on top of MLF? What is MLF for?

A

CN 4!

Coordinates eye movements and head & neck movements w/ vestibular & auditory systems

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20
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 5 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. GSA & SVE
  2. Mesencephalic
    Spinal Nucleus of 5
    Principle Sensory
  3. SVE = Motor Nucleus of Nerve 5
  4. PONS
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21
Q

What are the following nuclei responsible for:

  1. Mesencephalic
  2. Spinal Nucleus of 5
  3. Principle Sensory N.
  4. Motor Nucleus of 5
A
  1. Jaw Jerk reflex
  2. Pain & temperature (similar to N.Proprius of STT)
  3. Vibration, prorioception (similar to DCP - N. CUneatus & GRacilus)
  4. Muscles of Mastication
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22
Q

Wich nucleus of 5 has pseudo-unipolar cells?

A

Mesencephalic (& Trigeminal ganglion)

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23
Q

What is the order of the nuclei of 5 in the pons?

A
  1. mesencephalic
  2. Principle Sensory N.
  3. Spinal N. of 5
  4. Motor of 5 is NEXT to the principle sensory nucleus (more medial)
24
Q

Which nucleus is used for GSA to the small ear pinna?

A

Spinal Nucleus of 5

25
Q

If there was a stroke in the brain & the spinal nucleus was affected, what would be damaged in the face & body?

A
  1. IPSILATERAL damage to the face

2. Contralateral damage to the lower body (STT)

26
Q

Which pathways end up in VPM? VPL?

A

VPM = Trigeminal Thalamic pathway of 5!!

VPL = DCP & STT

27
Q

Which nucleus of 5 is like nucleus proprius? Like N. Cuneatus or Gracilus?

A
  1. N. Proprius = Spinal Nucleus of 5
    (pain & temp to the face)
  2. Principle Sensory N of 5 (proprioception & vibration)
28
Q

What nucleus of 5 is similar to the Dorsal Root Ganglion? What kind of cells are here? Which reflex does it elicit?

A
  1. Mesencephalic
  2. Pseudo-unipolar
  3. JAW JERK (masseter muscle)
29
Q

The Principle sensory nucleus of 5 does what?

A

Receives info about touch & jaw position

30
Q

Where do the trigeminal proprioceptive fibers synapse, which is different from DCP & STT? Which area of the brain?

A

VPM

(the others are VPL)

  • AREA 312 (sensory)
31
Q

What are the following areas responsible for:
312
4
17

A
  1. 312 = SENSORY
  2. 4 = MOTOR (pre-central gyrus)
  3. Area 17 = VISION (in calcarene fissure)
32
Q

What nucleus innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal Motor nucleus of 5

33
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 6 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. GSE (Lateral Rectus)
  2. Abducents Nucleus
  3. Pontomedullary Junction
    (pons)
34
Q

Which nerve forms a GENU around CN 6?

A

CN 7

35
Q

Which nerve makes up the Facial Colliculus?

A

CN 6!!

36
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 7 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. GVA, SVA, GVE, GSA,SVE
  2. a) GVA & SVA = Nucleus Solitarius
    GVE = Superior Salvitory
    GSA = Spinal Nucleus of 5
    SVE = Motor Nucleus of 7

Pontomedullary ANGLE

37
Q

Which is the upper and lower part of Nucleus Solitarius responsible for?

A

upper = taste

lower = visceral sensation

38
Q

Which cranial nerves use Nucleus Ambiguous? Which functional component is this responsible for?

A

9,10
- SVE

(5 & 7 use Motor Nucleus of 5 & 7)

39
Q

Which nucleus does the muscles of facial expression? The submandibular/sublingual glands?

A
  1. SVE –> Motor Nucleus of 7

2. Superior Salvitory Nucleus

40
Q

Which nucleus is responsible for taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?(SVA)

A
  1. Nucleus Solitarius (upper)
41
Q

What will happen with unilateral corticobulbar damage (upper motor neuron)?

A

Spare the upper face, since has BILATERAL corticobulbar input to the upper face
- lower face on the opposite side will be affected

42
Q

What is the difference in symptoms of a stroke in the left Corticobulbar region & a cut in the left CN of 7(Bells Palsy) ?

A
  1. Stroke (supra nuclear region)= opposite lower side of face will be affected - RIGHT
  2. TOTAL left face function will be wiped out- Flaccid Paralysis
43
Q

Which of the two is up motor neurons and which are lower motor neurons:

  1. Corticobulbar Cells
  2. Facial motor Nucleus
A
  1. Corticobulbar = UPPER
    (opposite side of lower face since BILATERAL representation)
  2. Facial Motor Nucleus = lower
    (wipe out same side of face)
44
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 8 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. SSA
  2. Cochlear & Vestibular
    (cochlear = saddle bags)
    cochlear = organ of court
    vestibular = Semicircular Canals
  3. MEDULLA–> pontomedullary angle*
45
Q

Hearing is bilateral. True or false.

A

TRUE

  • it is bilateral and hard to knock out
46
Q

Where are the vestibular and cochlear nuclei of 8 found in the pons? Which has a peppered look? Which is the saddle bag of ICP?

A

LATERAL SIDE

  • pontomedullary angle
  1. Vestibular Nucleus = Peppered (more medial)
    Cochlear = saddle bags of ICP
47
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 9 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. GVA, SVA, GVE, GSA, SVE
  2. GVA= lower Nuc. Solitarius
    SVA = upper Nuc. Solitarius
    GVE = Inferior Salvitory Nucleus
    GSA = Spinal Nuc. of 5
    SVE = Nuc. Ambiguus
48
Q

What are the following nuclei of 9 used for:

  1. Nucleus Solitarius
  2. Inferior Salvitory
  3. Spinal Nuc. of 5
  4. Nuc. Ambiguus
A
  1. Nuc. Solitarius
    - upper = taste
    - lower = carotid sinus
  2. Inferior Salvitory = PAROTID
  3. Spinal Nuc of 5 = sensation to ear pinna
  4. Nuc.Ambiguus = STYLOPHARYNGEUS
49
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 10 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. GVA, SVA, GVE, GSA, SVE
2. GVA= lower Nuc. Solitarius
SVA = upper Nuc. Solitarius
GVE =DMX (Dorsal Motor)
GSA = Spinal Nuc. of 5
SVE = Nuc. Ambiguus

DORSAL TO OLIVE

50
Q

What nucleus does 10 use to slow heart and speed digestion? WHERE IS IT LOCATED

A

GVE

  • DORSAL MOTOR NUCLEUS of 10
  • located at the top portion of the ROSTRAL medulla
51
Q

How are nuclei arranged?

A

In columns according to functional components

52
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 11 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. SVE
  2. Accessory Nucleus
  3. In spinal cord

C1-C5

53
Q

Which is the only nucleus in the spinal cord?

A

CN 11

  • in the ventral horn
54
Q

What functional component(s) does CN 12 use? Which nucleus(i) of origin? Where is it located?

A
  1. GSE
  2. Hypoglossal Nucleus
  3. Ventral to the Olive

(more medial than 10 in the cross section of medulla)

55
Q

A lesion in CN 12 results in the tongue deviating to or away the lesion?

A

TO THE LESION

  • lick your wounds
56
Q

What separates the Alar and Basal sections?

A

Sulcus Limitans

SHB - Exam 3 (21 decks)

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