craniofacial complex - chu

Question 1

growth

Answer 1

increase in size and number of cells, quantitative, anatomic

Question 2

development

Answer 2

increase in organizationi, complexity, differentiation and specialization as a consequence of the environment; qualitative, behavioral

Question 3

head to body ratio at 3 month in utero, at birth, in adulthood

Answer 3

50%, 30%, 12%

Question 4

cephalocaudal growth gradient in the head and face

Answer 4

cranium grows, then maxilla, then mandible

Question 5

t/f. the mandible grows at later time and greater amount development than the maxilla

Answer 5

true

Question 6

scammons growth curve

Answer 6

shows that different tissues exhibit peak growth during different times

Question 7

growth in length of mandible correlates with what

Answer 7

growth in height and onset of puberty

Question 8

which curve is an easier assessment of whether acceleration of deceleration in growth rate occured (distance or velocity)

Answer 8

velocity curve = height gain per year over time

distance = change in height over time

Question 9

why are growth charts good

Answer 9

can establish growth of child in relation to peers; allow you to evaluate if theres an unexpected change in growth pattern

Question 10

what can contribute to the variability in population at a given point in time

Answer 10

biological clocks/individual variability

Question 11

what determines biological age

Answer 11

onset of menarche (females first menstrual cycle)

Question 12

biological age is a good predictor of what

Answer 12

growth and sexual maturity

Question 13

completion of facial width

Answer 13

onset of puberty

Question 14

time of greatest change in facial length

Answer 14

puberty then declines rapidly

Question 15

t/f completion of facial height occurs at puberty

Answer 15

false. has a steady rate and continues into adulthood

Question 16

cephalometrics

Answer 16

can evaluate soft and hard tissue longitudinally; use to study effects of growth and orthodontic treatment

Question 17

what can you see with cone-beam computed tomography

Answer 17

a 3D reconstruction of cranium and face

Question 18

what do you see with vital staining

Answer 18

dye marks location of active growth at the time of injection and is removed during bone resoption

Question 19

implant radiology

Answer 19

best method of studying dental facial growth pattern by placing metal pins into bones which allows you to superimpose cephalograms from two different time points for a longitudinal study

Question 20

interstitial growth

Answer 20

growth of soft tissue/cartilagenous precursor

Question 21

appositional growth

Answer 21

growth of bone (activity of cells in the periosteum leads to direct addition of new bone to surface of existing bone

Question 22

endochondral ossification

Answer 22

calcification of cartilage into bone at centers of ossificaiton

Question 23

remnants of endochondral ossification

Answer 23

synchondroses

Question 24

sites of endochondral ossification

Answer 24

cranial base and mandibular condyle

Question 25

intramembraneous ossificaiton

Answer 25

bone formation directle within mesenchyme, NO intermediate formation of cartilage

Question 26

site of intramembraneous ossificaiton

Answer 26

cranial vault, maxilla, mandible (not the condyle)

Question 27

locations of craniofacial growth

Answer 27

cranial sutures, synchondroses, bone surface

Question 28

cortical shift

Answer 28

deposition of bone on the periosteal surface and resporption of bone on the endosteal surface = relocation of bone

Question 29

primary displacement

Answer 29

movement of bone to a new location as a result of bone growth

Question 30

secondary displacement

Answer 30

movement of bone to a new location as a result of displacement of other bones or soft tissue ex: growth in the cranial fossa pushes the nasomaxillary complex anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 31

describe the majority of growth of the cranial vault

Answer 31

apposition of bone along edges

Question 32

3 synchondroses found in the cranial base

Answer 32

spheno-occipital, inter-sphenoid, spheno-ethmoid

Question 33

passive growth of the nasomaxillary complex

Answer 33

growth of the cranial base pushes the maxilla forward

Question 34

active growth of the nasomaxillary complex

Answer 34

bone apposition at the sutures that connect the maxilla to the cranium and cranial base and growth of soft tissue and sinus spaces

Question 35

anterior surface of the maxilla undergoes what type of surface remodeling

Answer 35

resorption

Question 36

why is there bone apposition at the maxillary tuberosity

Answer 36

to provide bone for permanent molars

Question 37

at what age does displacement of the maxilla due to growth of the cranial base stop?

Answer 37

6. after 6, growth is due to the ossificaiton of the synchondroses

Question 38

t/f. bone is added in the direction of movement (down = palate) and resorbed in the direction of movement (forward = anterior maxilla

Answer 38

true.

Question 39

growth of bone in the mandible

Answer 39

endochondral - back and up to maintain contact with the skull (growth in height) remodeling in post ramus (growth in length)

Question 40

major mechanism of mandibular growth

Answer 40

bone apposition in posterior ramus

Question 41

growth site

Answer 41

where growth occurs with no innate growth potential

Question 42

growth center

Answer 42

independent, genetically controlled growth

Question 43

t/f. all growth centers are also growth sites

Answer 43

true

Question 44

cartilage in the cranial base

Answer 44

synchondrosis

Question 45

cartilage in the maxilla

Answer 45

nasal septum

Question 46

cartilage in the mandible

Answer 46

condylar cartilage

Question 47

growth centers in the craniofacial complex

Answer 47

synchondrosis (cranial base) and maxilla (nasal septum) NOT condylar cartilage

Question 48

functional matrix theory

Answer 48

soft tissue is the epigenetic control by which bone and cartilage respond