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cranium Flashcards

1
Q

how many cranial bones are there?

A

8

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2
Q

how many facial bones are there?

A

14

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3
Q

the average head shape is termed _____ with the width being______% of the length

A

mesocephalic, 75-80

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4
Q

in the average skull, the petrous pyramids form an angle of

A

47 degrees

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5
Q

short skull, broad head , with the width being 80% or greater than the length

A

brachycephalic

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6
Q

long narrow skull/head. width is less than 75%

A

dolichocephalic

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7
Q

what bones create the floor of the cranium

A

right & left temporal , sphenoid , & ethmoid

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8
Q

the smooth raised prominence between the eyebrows just above the bridge of the nose

A

glabella

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9
Q

slight depression above each eyebrow

A

supraorbital groove

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10
Q

the superior rim of each orbit

A

supraorbital margin

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11
Q

eminence on each side of the squamous portion of the frontal bone

A

frontal tuberosity

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12
Q

joints of the cranium are classified as

A

fibrous, synarthrodial type

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13
Q

the sella turcica and dorsum sella are best demonstrated on which projection

A

lateral

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14
Q

suture that separates the frontal bone from the two parietal bones

A

coronal

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15
Q

suture that separates the two parietal bones along the midline

A

sagittal

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16
Q

suture that is posterior and separates the two parietal bones from the occipital bone

A

lambdoidal

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17
Q

sutures formed by the junction of the two parietal bones with their respective temporal bones

A

squamous

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18
Q

the external ear begins with the ______ on each side of the head

A

auricle or pinna

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19
Q

the three main parts of the middle ear are

A

the tympanic membrane, 3 auditory ossicles, and the tympanic cavity

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20
Q

considered part of the middle ear & external ear because it serves as a partition

A

the tympanic membrane

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21
Q

a passage way between the middle ear and the nasopharynx ; helps equalize atmospheric pressure in the middle ear

A

the eustachian tube

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22
Q

anterior end of the sagittal suture

A

the bregma

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23
Q

second direct communication into the middle ear, occurs posteriorly at the mastoid air cells

A

mastoids

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24
Q

vibrations are first picked up by the

A

malleus

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25
the smallest of the three auditory ossicles
stapes
26
the bony labyrinth or osseous is divided into what 3 parts?
cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
27
fractures of the skull that appear jagged or irregular lucent lines that lie at right angles to the axis of the bone
linear fracture
28
fractures when a fragment of the bone is separated and depressed into the cranial cavity
depressed fracture
29
skull fracture that fractures through the inner structure of the temporal bones
basal fracture
30
a bacterial infection of the mastoid process that can destroy the inner part of the mastoid process, results from middle ear infections
acute mastoiditis
31
refers to the lower posterior angle on each side of the jaw or mandible
gonion or angle
32
the midline point of the junction of the upper lip and the nasal septum
the aconthion
33
a flat triangular area that projects as the chin
mentum
34
which aspect of the frontal bone is thin walled and forms the forehead
squamous
35
T/F: the sphenoid bone articulates with all the other cranial bones
true
36
reid base line is an older term for
IOML
37
what positioning error frequently results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position
rotation
38
what is the thickest and densest structure in the cranium
petrous portion
39
the shallow depression just posterior to the base of the dorsum sellae and anterior to the foramen magnum is the
clivus
40
the foramen magnum is on what bone
occipital
41
the petrous ridge is on what bone
temporal
42
the sella turcica is on what bone
sphenoid
43
the EAM is on what bone
temporal
44
the inion is on what bone
occipital
45
the lateral condylar portions are located on the
occipital bone
46
the anterior clinoid process is on the
sphenoid bone
47
what landmark corresponds to the highest level of the petrous ridge
TEA
48
how much difference in degree is there between the OML and the IOML
7-8 degree difference
49
bone tumor originating in the bone marrow
multiple myeloma
50
fracture evident by sphenoid sinus effusion
basal fracture
51
condition that begins with bony destruction followed by bony repair
paget’s disease
52
destructive lesions with irregular margins
osteolytic neoplasm
53
fracture of the skull with jagged or irregular lucent line that lies at an angle to the axis of the bone
linear fracture
54
tangential view may help determine extent or degree of this fracture
depressed fracture
55
what clinical indication may require a decrease in manual exposure factors
multiple myeloma
56
what other modality may be used to examine a possible cranial bleed caused by trauma
CT
57
which modality provides an excellent distinction between normal and abnormal brain tissue
MRI
58
which aspect of the temporal bone is considered the thinnest
squamous portion
59
what aspect of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and balance
petrous pyramid
60
correct term for eardrum
tympanic membrane
61
what middle ear structure is considered most lateral
malleus
62
which positioning line is parallel to the IR for the SMV projection of the skull
IOML
63
the frontal bone articulates with what four cranial bones
left & right parietal , sphenoid, ethmoid
64
the crista galli is on what bone
ethmoid
65
what positioning line of the head should be parallel with the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull
GAL
66
where should the CR exit for a PA skull
glabella
67
where should the CR exit for a PA axial of the skull
nasion
68
the AP axial projection of the skull is known as what method
townes
69
CR for AP axial
30 degree caudal (OML) 37 degree caudal (IOML)
70
the pterygoid process is on what bone
sphenoid
71
top of the head is called
the vertex
72
the joint between the temporal and parietal bones
squamosal suture
73
what bone contains the hypophyseal fossa
sphenoid
74
what bone contains the perpendicular plate
ethmoid
75
the madibular fossa is on what bone
temporal
76
the 3 auditory ossicles
stapes, malleus, incus
77
what bone contains the auditory ossicles
temporal
78
what bone contains the basilar portion
occipital
79
the cribiform plate is on what bone
ethmoid
80
the point of closure of the mastoid fontanelle , at the junction of the temporal , occipital, and parietal bones is called
the asterion
81
the point where the anterior fontanelle closes is called
the bregma
82
what bone contains the clivus
sphenoid
83
what bone contains the mastoid air cells
temporal
84
what is the posterior portion of the sella turcica called
dorsum sellae
85
the bones that form the jugular foramen
occipital & temporal
86
each parietal bone articulates with 5 cranial bones ; list them
frontal, occipital, sphenoid , temporal & opposite parietal
87
what bones does the occipital bone articulate with
2 parietals , 2 temporals, sphenoid, & atlas (C1)
88
the temporal bone articulates with
occipital , sphenoid , and parietal
89
the sphenoid bone articulates with what cranial bones
all 7 other cranial bones
90
the ethmoid articulates with
the frontal and sphenoid bone

positioning (3 decks)

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