final review Flashcards
1
Q
where is the top of the IR for an esophagram
A
2 inches above shoulder, mouth level
2
Q
where is the CR for UGI images
A
L1, 2” above lower rib margin
3
Q
what contrast is given if suspected abdominal perforation / recent intestinal surgery
A
water soluble - gastrografin
4
Q
inner layer of the stomach contains folds called
A
rugae
5
Q
the first portion of the small intestine
A
duodenum
6
Q
on an LPO UGI - where is the barium in the stomach
A
fundus
7
Q
on a RAO UGI - where is the barium in the stomach
A
pylorus , lower body
8
Q
the 4 body habitus in order from smallest to largest
A
asthenic, hyposthenic, sthenic , hypersthenic
9
Q
what body habitus is the highest % of the population
A
sthenic
10
Q
shortest & widest section of the small intestine
A
duodenum
11
Q
longest section of the duodenum
A
ileum
12
Q
the pouches in the large intestine are called?
A
haustra
13
Q
what is the haustra held together by
A
teni coli
14
Q
when is a small bowel exam complete
A
when barium passes the ileocecal valve (sphincter)
15
Q
what is the maximum height that a BE bag should hang
A
24 inches
16
Q
what is it called where the small intestine ends and the large intestine begins
A
ileocecal valve
17
Q
for the BE AP axial projection , where is the CR , how much angle & direction , what does it demonstrate
A
CR 2” below ASIS, 30-40 degrees cephalic , looking at the sigmoid
18
Q
for a BE lateral projection , where is the CR , what does it demonstrate
A
CR @ ASIS , rectum is demonstrated
19
Q
what do the RPO & LPO projections demonstrate for a BE ?
A
side up, splenic flexure
20
Q
on a left lateral decubitus BE where is the barium
A
lateral half of descending colon
21
Q
what is the prep for a small bowel and BE
A
NPO 8 hrs , no smoking / chewing gum , low residue diet
22
Q
what filters the blood
A
glomerulus
23
Q
what is the opening on the medial border of a kidney
A
hilum
24
Q
what supplies blood to the glomerulus
A
afferent arterioles
25
what is the CR for AP IVU
iliac crest
26
how much is the patient rotated for AP obliques IVP
30 degrees
27
what is the breathing for IVU images
expiration
28
are scout images done for IVU
yes - to see if they prepped and/or stones
29
what is it called when fluid is injected into tissues instead of a vein
infiltration
30
what could be a common and and anaphylactic reaction
anxiety & passing out
31
define cystogram
examination of urinary bladder
32
where is the CR for AP bladder
2” above symphysis pubis
33
retrograde technique is used to visualize what anatomy
bladder , lower ureters , urethra
* nonfunctional
34
which contrast , ionic or nonionic, is more expensive
nonionic
35
what contrast has more reactions from patients
ionic
36
is the same amount of contrast used if ionic or nonionic
yes
37
what houses the pituitary gland
sella turcica
38
what bones articulate with the perpendicular plate
frontal , & sphenoid
39
the breathing instructions for skull radiographs
suspend
40
for a PA skull what line is perpendicular to the IR
OML
41
where are the petrous ridges on a PA
fill orbits
42
where are the petrous ridges on a caldwell
lower 1/3
43
where is the CR for a PA
exits nasion
44
CR for caldwell?
exits nasion
45
what is the tube angle for caldwell
15 degrees caudal
46
what is in the foramen magnum on a towne
dorsum sellae & posterior clinoid process
47
if you your patient cannot achieve a perpendicular OML , what can be done
IOML , 37 degree caudal
48
what line is perpendicular to the IR for the Towne
OML
49
CR & angle for an AP axial towne
2.5” above glabella , 30 degrees caudal
50
what bones form the hard palate
maxilla & palatine
51
largest movable facial bone
mandible
52
largest immovable facial bone
maxilla
53
body position for sinus images
upright, to demonstrate air - fluid levels
54
CR for waters , what touches IR?
acanthion, chin
55
what touches IR for caldwell
nose & forehead
56
what sinus projection demonstrates all 4 sinuses
lateral
57
where are the ethmoid sinuses in relation to the maxillary sinuses on a lateral projection
superior
58
what projection best demonstrates a blowout fracture of the orbits
modified waters
59
what is the membrane around the lungs
pleura
60
inner layer of lungs, outer ?
inner - visceral
outer - parietal
61
why is a chest x-ray done upright
prevent distortion of the heart , allows for deeper inspiration
62
pronation
palm down
63
supination
palm up
64
retroperitoneal structures
kidneys , ureters , adrenal glands , pancreas
65
what organ functions in both digestive and respiratory systems
pharynx
66
for a lateral projection of the digits , what side is down for each?
1,2,3 digit - lateral side down
4&5 - medial side down
67
CR for thumb
MCP
68
most superior process of the ulna
olecranon process
69
how can you reduce OID for PA wrist
flex the fingers
70
how is the hand positioned for AP humerus
supinate hand
71
how is the hand positioned for a lateral humerus
flex elbow, posterior side of hand on hip
72
the only bony connection between shoulder girdle & the bony thorax
SC joint
73
CR for foot
base of 3rd metatarsal
74
what aspect of the patella is superior
the base
75
the apex on the patella is _____
inferior
76
is the knee joint superior or inferior to the base of the patella
inferior
77
what bones articulate with the head of the femur , collectively known as ?
- pubis , ilium , ischium
* acetabulum
78
how are the feet and legs positioned for AP pelvis
internally rotated
79
internally rotating the feet for an AP pelvis places the long axis of the femoral neck ________ to the IR
parallel
80
what forms the costotransverse joint
transverse process of T spine , & tubercle of rib
81
what does the L spine oblique projection demonstrate
Z joints - superior & inferior articulating process
82
CR angle and direction for AP sacrum
15 degrees cephalic , between symphysis pubis & ASIS
83
what projection would best demonstrate the right axillary portion of the ribs
RPO
84
what ribs does the AP projection best demonstrate
posterior ribs
85
during an UGI what position might the patient be placed in, to check for hiatal hernia
trendelenburg
86
the _____ suture is made up of the frontal and parietal bones
coronal suture
87
what bone has the sella turcica
sphenoid
88
what term describes the junction of the two nasal bones
the nasion
89
how many facial bones make up the bony orbit
4
90
what bone is the perpendicular plate on
ethmoid
91
the gallbladder is located in the __________ margin of the liver
posterioinferior
92
which structure in the pharynx prevents aspiration of food and fluid into the larynx
epiglottis
93
the esophagus extends from C5- C6 to
T11
94
are vitamins digested
no
95
the esophagus is located ________ to the larynx
posterior
96
a patient comes to radiology with possible diverticulosis, what study is most diagnostic for detecting this condition
double contrast barium enema
97
what drug can be added to the barium sulfate mixture to minimize intestinal spasms during a barium enema
lidocaine
98
the structural and functional unit of the kidney is
nephron
99
what term describes the act of voiding under voluntary control
urination
100
the ureters enter the ________ aspect of the bladder
posteriolateral
101
what modality may be used to examine a possible cranial bleed caused by trauma
CT
102
achalasia is generally defined as
motor disorder of the esophagus
103
what is a bezoar
a mass of undigested material
104
during an upper GI series , the halo sign appears in the duodenum, what condition will produce this radiographic sign
an ulcer
105
in which quadrant is the liver located in the sthenic patient
RUQ
106
the union of the left and right hepatic ducts form which duct
common hepatic duct
107
the primary purpose of the membranous fold located within the cystic duct
prevents distension or collapse of cystic duct
108
the condition of having gallstones
cholelithiasis
109
which is not a salivary gland
vallecula
110
what structure does not pass through the diaphragm
trachea
111
where is cholecystokinin produced
duodenum
112
gastritis is defined as inflammation of the
stomach
113
what defines stomach indentation between the body through pylorus
angular notch
114
average kidney size / length
4-5 inches
115
CR nephrotomogram kidney
midway between iliac crest & xiphoid process
116
T/F: all reactions regardless of their severity must be documented
true
117
the uterus lie on the _______ surface of each psoas muscle
anterior
118
which bone is involved with the tripod fracture
zygomatic
119
which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial projection
maxillary
120
the left mastoid fontanel becomes what in an adult
left asterion
121
another term for laxative
cathartic
122
a patient comes to the Rad department with a clinical history of meckels diverticulum , which imaging modality is most often performed for this condition
nuc med
123
Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the image receptor for the parieto-orbital oblique (Rhese method) projections for optic foramina?
AML
124
What type of CR angulation should be used for a PA axial projection of the mandible?
20-25 degrees cephalad
125
The pathway of communication between the frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses that provides drainage between them is termed:
osteomeatal complex.
126
Which auditory ossicle attaches to the oval window?
stapes
127
A patient comes to radiology with severe mastoiditis. Which one of the following imaging modalities will best demonstrate possible bony destruction within the mastoid region
CT
128
What is the total capacity of the average adult bladder
350-500 mL
129
The renal veins connect directly to the
inferior vena cava
130
A loss of consciousness caused by reduced cerebral blood flow is termed:
syncope
131
How high should the tourniquet be placed above the puncture site
3-4”
132
A patient comes to radiology for an IVU. During the procedure, the radiologist suspects nephroptosis. Which of the following positions best demonstrates this condition?
erect
133
A patient comes to radiology for an IVU. His laboratory report indicates a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL. What should be the technologist’s next step
proceed with the study
134
Excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake is the general definition for:
oliguria
