Credibility in qualitative research

Question 1

Triangulation

Answer 1

The combination of different approaches and interpretations

Question 2

Method triangulation

Answer 2

The use of a combination of different qualitative research methods. For example, interviews, transcripts, observational notes etc.

Question 3

Data triangulation

Answer 3

The use of combination of different data or documents.

Question 4

Research triangulation

Answer 4

Combining the observations/interpretations of multiple researchers.

Question 5

Establishing rapport

Answer 5

Creating a healthy, honest and friendly relationship with the participants

Question 6

Iterative questioning

Answer 6

Post-study questioning in which researchers rephrase the research questions to gain deeper insight. This is especially important when a sensitive topic is in hand and there is suspicion that participants have distorted answers to make an impression.

Question 7

Reflexivity

Answer 7

Researchers should reflect on the possibility that their own biases might have interfered with observations or interpretations. Researchers should identify findings that might have been affected by their own biases and if they were, how.

Question 8

Epistemological reflexivity

Answer 8

Knowledge of the strengths and limitations of the methods used to collect data.

Question 9

Personal reflexivity

Answer 9

Being critical of the influence of ones own beliefs and opinions on observing research findings

Question 10

Credibility checks

Answer 10

Checking the accuracy of data by participants themselves to read transcripts of interviews or field notes of observations and confirm that the transcripts or notes are an accurate representation of what they said (meant) or did.