Crim Social Changes,unit 1 Stuff,sociological Theories Flashcards
(31 cards)
explain how campaigns for change have affected policy making-Sarah’s law-Newspaper
-Driving force:After Roy whiting kidnapped Sarah and murdered her in July 2000.
-driving force was Sara Payne
-Campaign purpose- the right to know where child sex offenders lived in that area
-Methods-TV interviews-media,petitions,(right to know where pedofiles live)Tv-news of world(named and shamed 50 people as peodfilies)
-Role of newspaper-News of world supported Sarah’s parents,they published dozens of pictures and names of individuals they claimed had perpetrated child sex offences.
-The paper argued to inform parents about convicted peodiffiles in their neighbourhood.Also pictures of Sarah on the front cover.
-Successful-Changed law-child sex offender disclosure scheme 2011-However police are not obliged to disclose information and will only do so if they judge the child is at harm.
discuss how campaigns for change affected policy making-Snowdrop-Pressure group
-Purpose-To change the law and see a total ban on the private ownership of handguns.
-Driving force-Pressure group started by parents of victims in the dublane massacre-1996
-Methods-Peitions(to ban private ownership off handguns),realised poster to ban all handguns,marches,
-Success-Changed law firearm act in 1996-banned all handguns except 22 single shot weapons,+fire arms amendment act in 1997 banning remaining handguns.
Discuss how campaign for change affect policy making-Finns law-Pressure group
-Purpose of campaign:change the law-wanted a new animal welfare bill
-Driving force-Dog was stabbed extent of injuries-call for changes
-Methods used-Events,media,shop,websites(to get political support)
-success-Propsed law-Amendemenat to animal welfare act in 2006-Criminal offence to attack service dogs.
-Was a criminal offence in England and wales in 1885(homosexual act)
-society’s views/opinions started to change in the 20th century-began to hold more tolerant views.
-legalised in 1967(sexual offences act)-Now socially acceptable in the UK.
-2000-age of consent lowered to 16-stonewall campaigned for equal rights.
Changes due to
-Wolfedron report-homosexuality was decriminalised by the sexual offences act in 1967
-Influenced by the rise of indivualsim-the belief that the individual has the right to choose how to live their lives as long as they are not harming others.
-soicetys decline of religion-less people believe in god
-changes in norms and values-no longer seen as deviant hold more tolerant views-structure of society changing.
-Increased representation of the LGBTQ in the mainstream media.
-Homsexual law reform society .
Explain how social changes have affected policy development.-homosexuality-cultural change
Social changes-Women rights
-Women had very few political and legal rights in the begining of the 20th century.
-Sterotyped as stay at home moms.
Changes due to
-values to status of women have changed
-suffragette movement fought for the right to vote,women rebelled agaisnt marriage,seeking equality.
-society slowly changed view about women/vaues have changed-1928-given the right to vote.
-Response of women to war effort
-laws preventing sex discrimination-sex discriminatory act in 1975
-serious crime act 2015-consideres psychological abuse to women as domestic abuse
Explain how social changes have affected policy development.
-LGBTQ rights
-Women’s rights
-Disability rights
-smoking
-The law on murder
Unit 1-analysing diff types of crime-name all types of crime AC1.1
Technological
-Hate(individual)-property damage,psycical attacks verbal threats
-honour(individual)e.g FGM,honour killing-defend family
-Domestic(individual)
-White collar crime-Money crime
-Moral-Goe agaisnt social norms/values-E.g prostitution,vagarany,assisted suicide
-State-Eg-torture,genocide,improvement without trail
Explain why crimes go unreported-unit 1 link -personal ac1.2
Personal
-fear
-shame-feel judged negatively by society
-disinterest-do not feel upset about the crime-lack of concern too trivial.
-unaffected-not impacted them as an individual they ignore it
Explain why crimes go unreported-social and cultural reasons unit 1 link AC1.2
-Complexity-complex in nature-may not understand crime has been commited.
Lack of media intrest-not widley prompted in the media-little public intrest
-lack of knowledge -unaware that certain actions count as criminal-unsure whether to report.
-lack of public concern
-Culture-Diff cultural values-influence what should/should not be reported.
Unit 1 link-explain consequences of unreported crime-Ripple effect AC1.3
The impact of crime spreads beyond the victim-e.g other family members such as children.
Unit 1 link Explain 5 consequnces of unreported crime AC1.3
-Ripple effect
-Decriminilsation
-Legal change
-Prodcural change
-Unrecorded crime
Unit 1 link-Explain the consequences of unreported crime-Legal change AC 1.3
Crimes that go unreported for a long time can be perceived as a human right,e.g attitudes to homosexuality
Unit 1 link-Impact of media’s representation of crime on the public perception of crime -changing public concern+moral panic AC1.5
-moral panic-Media over repsenets something that has happened-excessive public concern.Exagerates crime stats.-Examples
-Changing public concern+attitudes-if media focuses on particular crime it could make public more concerned about it to.
-Changing priority-reporting may see a shift in what is viewed as a priority crime.E.G incidents of terrorism
Unit 1 explain the impact of the media’s representation of crime-Perceptions of crime trends+sterorytyping of criminals.AC1.5
Perception of crime trends-Often crime trends are viewed as increasing due to reporting of crime by media.
Stseortypiying of criminals-often occurs due to media reporting of crime.e.g teenagers and knife crime
Explain the impact of the media’s representation of crime on the public perception of crime AC1.5
-moral panic
-Perception of crime trends
-Changing concerns and attitudes
-steortyping of criiminals
-changing priorities and emphasises
Unit 1 link-Explain media representations of crime AC 1.4
Newspapers-sensationalise-over exaggerate frequency of certain crime-focus on serious offences
-TV-Unrealistic ideas of crime-sex crimes commited by someone victim knows-on TV psyopathic stranger.
-Films-Glamorise crime/don’t show true consequences of crime/unrealsitic.
Music-Romantices crime/glamorises it.-
Electronic gaming-Trivilises/unrealstic/glorifies it/Doesnt show consequences.-crime is a conquest.
Social media-fake news can be spread easily-crime without context can misrepresent and distort the crime.
Explain what is meant by decriminilation AC 1.3
-Laws are frequently amended because they cannot be enforced due to changing values in society.
-the goverment has little choice but to decriminalise it
-because it has to accept the crime can’t be controlled as people no longer take notice of the law
-a process which may see society is refusing to see a act is criminal.
-often a reduction in punishment is seen
-E.g homosexuality
Explain how a pressure group campaign affected policy making-Unlock-Not necessary
-Purpose:change policy that limit opportunities for people with a crim record.
-Driving force:started by charity(pressure group)-noticed many people with a criminal record were facing disadvantage-wanted to promote equality.
-Methods:Media appearances +Website(used to advocate for people with criminal records+help move on with their life)
Success-By 2014-6,000 bank accounts had been opened for people to use once they have been relseased,114 prisons have links high street banks.
Examples in the media that have caused a moral panic.AC 1.5
-Killer clown 2017 Halloween-Media disordered event to make public more afraid.
-Mods and rockers-portrayed as folks devils-1960s media over exaggerated and distorted the numbers involved.
Sterotyepes of mods and rockers-bikes ect
Predicted more voilence and conflict would occur.-Devicne amplification spiral-lead to self fulfilling prophecy.
What campaigns to use for a question abt campaigns/pressure group
NEWSPAPER
Sarahs law
-Justice for Michael campaign-a year and a day rule
PRESSURE GROUP
-Finns law
-Snowdrop
-unlock
INDIVIDUAL
-Ann ming
-Clare’s law
Explain consequences of unreported crime-Unrecorded crime /procedural changes AC1.5
Unrecorded crime-Crimes reported to police not always recorded as offences(may not have enough evidence)-Lead to a adrak crime figure
-Produral change-Police make changes to how crimes can be reported making it more accessible/easier.
Evaluate methods used for campaigns for change-AC2.2
-Events-Effective way to launch campaign-costly and time consuming to organise,may not be well attending
-Advertising-Gain attention quickly,help reach audience,-No guarantee public will pay attention,expensive
-Viral messaging-cheap,quickly spread campaign to a wider audience.-can’t guarantee it goes viral,raises awareness but cannot guarantee action.
Newspaper campaign-year and a day rule?
-driving force-1992 Michael Gibson was assaulted by David Clark .
-he was left in a coma lasted 22 months-then he died.David could only be charged with GBH and was given a prison sentence for this-due to the year and day rule.
-Puropose-Nothern echo newspaper took up campaign (justics for Michael) to help the mum.
-Pictureof Michael in a coma was published on the front page of the newspaper.
-Methods-Readers encouraged to sign a petition demanding the abolition of the 1278 year and day rule
-Success-1996 the law reform year and day rule act was established.
Indivudual campaign-Julie Hogg/ann mings campaign double jepordary law
Driving force:1989-Julie Hogg murdered by billy dunlop.-wasn’t charged with crime due to insufficient evidence
.He was later imprisoned for GBH agaisnt another women and confessed to killing Julie but couldn’t be tried again because of the double jeporrdary law.
-Campaign led by ANN ming-wanted to abolish the double jepodary
-Methds-Newspaper support,TV and radio
-Success-2003 criminal justicee act was passed
