Psycology Debate-behaviorist-Should Condtioning Techniques Be Used To Control The Behaviour Of Children

Question 1

What is the essay format for this essay?

Answer 1

Home-for and agaisnt
School-for and agaisnt
Vulnerable groups-for and agaisnt

Question 2

FOR-HOME why should conditioning techniques be used to control the behaviour of children?

Answer 2

Rewards/positive reinforcement are effective at preventing children to not wet the bed.

Question 3

FOR-HOME what did they do in the research study?

Answer 3

Research:Night sraining through parents implicit use of operant conditioning-90 parents bringing their children for a routine paediatric visit
rated their youngest night trained child on a questionnaire(describing parent to child interactions presented in the chronological order in which they would be encounter during night training) and returned it by mail.
The reliability of items was measured by selecting 15 of the mothers at random+30 days later asking them to rate the same child again .Most of the items were rated on a scale ranging from 0 to 100 indicting how well this item describes the way things were
-

Question 4

FOR HOME-what did they find?

Answer 4

Items were classified dinto 10 categories-They found posstive external reinforcement-on waking up dry in the night-i can now have a new(toy,trip-something desired by the child)
- was effective at preventing children wetting the bed.

Question 5

FOR-HOME-implications

Answer 5

However this has negative economic implications as parents using money as posstive reinforcement,if budgets are already tight is unstunstainable,which may mean positive reinforcement become inconsistent.
-Therefore these rewards may not be able to be maintained as a long term solution for controlling behaviour.

Question 6

FOR-HOME-Link back to Q

Answer 6

Therefore, conditioning techniques should be used to control the behaviour of children in the home
Because positive reinforcement can help to keep children motivated to stay dry and build up good habits
However, reward should not be used as a long-term solution as it can have negative consequences on financial stability in the household

Question 7

AGAINST-HOME-Why should conditioning techniques not be used to control the behaviour of children.

Answer 7

Because timeouts are ineffective are helping children to behave more appropriately
And do not reduce the likelihood of negative behaviour occurring

Question 8

AGAISNT-HOME-Reseach study what they did

Answer 8

-Time outs don’t do any harm parents told
-The study by the university of Michigan tract almost 1400 families and their parenting strategies at 3,5 and 10 years old.
-The researchers measured children’s positivity,negativity to parents and their mental health and social skills.
-At 3 years old the parents gave the children time out or told them to sit quietly in a corner.

Question 9

HOME-AGAINST-What they found?

Answer 9

They found no differences in the children’s levels of anxiety and depression, self control or rule breaking compared to the group who did not use the time out technique.

Question 10

HOME-AGAISNT-implications

Answer 10

-One social implication is that timeouts can help children learn how to regulate their emotions earlier on
-therefore help them become better adults in society and balance their emotions leading to a better quality of life
-As it will help them in areas such as managing stressful situations controlling impulses and maintaining healthy relationships.

Question 11

HOME-AGAINST-link Therefore conditioning techniques should not be used to control the behaviour of children because…

Answer 11

Because They are ineffective at improving children’s self control and reduce the risk of rule breaking behaviours,
. However despite this they can still be effective at teaching children how to regulate their emotions earlier on and therefore become better adults in society.

Question 12

FOR-SCHOOL-why should conditioning techniques be used to control the behaviour of children?

Answer 12

Because positive reinforcement is effective at encouraging students to behave well at school.

Question 13

FOR-SCHOOL-Research study-what they did?

Answer 13

-The impacts of reward based behaviour systems on first year primary school children in Hong Kong.
-The researcher use three different behaviour management systems to see how the behaviour of the students change overtime.-including monthly reward based tick charts
where students are rewarded with a tick for each lesson they behave well and upon reaching certain milestones-rewarded with stickers,sweets,small gifts.
However if they do not behave well they will have their name written on a whiteboard-ticks being taken away for that lesson

Question 14

FOR SCHOOL-Research study-what they found?

Answer 14

-They found in cycle three multiple students continued to be disruptive which led to ticks being taken away.
-However towards the end of the month a lot of students appear to be getting more ticks.
-Which showed students appear to be improving their behaviour towards the end of the month with only 1 student losing their tick in the 4th week of the cyclein response to the tick chart

Question 15

SCHOOL-FOR-what is an implication of this?

Answer 15

— a social implication is that rewards in the classroom setting help children to behave more appropriately
This will improve the quality of their education leading to better grades
And will enter society as more educated individuals
Therefore, will have more career opportunities and be more successful .

Question 16

FOR-SCHOOL-link.Thereforre conditioning techniques should be used to control the behaviour of children because…

Answer 16

Because positive reinforcement drives students to behave well in the classroom therefore increasing their motivation to learn.
This will have positive impact for the future as they will enter to society as well educated individuals and will have more career opportunities open to them

Question 17

AGAINST-SCHOOL-why should conditioning techniques not be used to control the behaviour of children.

Answer 17

-Rewards can ruin children’s intrinsic motivation

Question 18

AGAISNT-SCHOOL-Reseearch study-what they did?

Answer 18

-Researchers presented pre school aged children with a fun drawing activity where they were allowed to play with a set of attractive markers
One group one group of children were told they were to get a reward for playing with markers(receiving a certificate with a gold seal and ribbon on it)another group got no reward another group got a surprise reward

Question 19

AGAISNT-SCHOOL-what did they find in the research study?

Answer 19

They found that the children who were told they would get a reward with significantly less interested in playing with the markers afterwards compared to the other groups.
-whereas intrest in playing with the markers remained consistent for children in the 2 other groups.

Question 20

SCHOOL-AGAISNT-what are the implications of this

Answer 20

This has social implications as it can ruin the intrinsic motivation of children as they become reliant on rewards to complete task.
This could have negative impacts as they enter into society into a workplace and will require a reward to work hard .

Question 21

SCHOOL-AGAINST-Link Therfroe conditioning techniques should not be used to control the bevahour of children becaus

Answer 21

They are only effective are improving behaviour in the short term and limited effectiveness for sustaining good behaviour in the long-term.
-as rewards ruin children’s intrinsic motivation
which can have negative conseuqnces in the future as adults will lack motivation to complete normal task without being rewarded

Question 22

VUNERABLE GROUPS-FOR why should conditioning techniques be used to control the behaviour of children?

Answer 22

-Rewards have been effective at motivating children to complete tasks
-and timeouts are effective at helping children to control and reduce negative behaviours

Question 23

FOR-VUNERABLE GROUPS-Research study-what they did?

Answer 23

Science of education
-The research looks into how exactly people can use operant conditioning to reduce behavioural problems looking into timeouts and token economies.

Question 24

VUNERABLE GROUPS-FOR-What they found?

Answer 24

-They found that the use of timeout significantly reduced behavioural problems of children and useful in reducing children’s stuttering
-Token economy has also been useful in teaching children to read by rewarding children with tokens after they completed reading related tasks.-also been useful at increasing the amount of time children spend working and their behaviour

Question 25

VUNERABLE GROUPS-FOR-What is an implication of this?

Answer 25

-implication of this is that manipulating children’s behaviour when they don’t realise it is unethical.

Question 26

VUERABLE GROUPS-FOR-Link

Answer 26

-Rewards and positive reinforcement are useful and motivating children to complete tasks -Timeouts/punishments are effective in reducing behavioural problems in children -However despite the benefits using conditioning on children to manipulate their behaviour when they are unaware of this is unethical.

Question 27

VUERABLE GROUPS-AGAISNT-Why should conditioning techniques not be used to control the behaviour of children?

Answer 27

Vulnerable children may be unaware of what they did wrong and therefore punishing them would not be helpful.

Question 28

VUNERABLE GROUPS-AGAISNT-Research-what did the article state?

Answer 28

In the article, they stated it is unethical to use operating conditioning techniques as they may be unaware of what they did wrong. -A Massachusetts school will be allowed to continue administering electric shocks-Cheryl Collins settled a lawsuit agaisnt the school for an undisclosed amount in 2012.

Question 29

VUNERABLE GROUPS-AGAISNT-Reseach-part 2-What has treatment had?

Answer 29

-But treatment has had protests from disability rights group ADAPT-when advocates picked outside the home of health and human services secret. -so shocking VUNERABLE children is unethical as they are unaware of what they did wrong.

Question 30

VUNERABLE GROUPS-AGAISNT-what are the implications of this?

Answer 30

-mass electric shocks could cause more damage beyond the conditioning process so could cause both physical and emotional harm which may be traumatic

Question 31

VUNERABLE GROUPS-AGAISNT-link

Answer 31

As they will be unaware of what they did wrong so operant conditioning would be in nneffective at helping children t learn from previous mistakes. - Furthermore electric shots/punsihments could cause even more harm beyond the conditioning process -Therefore costs outweigh benefits.

Question 32

CONCLUSION-Point both for and against

Answer 32

In conclusion there are strong arguments both for and against the use of conditioning techniques to control the behaviour of children.

Question 33

CONCLUSION-Arguemnt

Answer 33

-Although conditioning techniques have been successful both in the home and schools by motivating children to behave well through positive reinforcemnt(by rewarding them) and reducing negative behaviours through punishment. -The long term impacts of using conditioning techniques to manipulate their behaviour haven’t been taken into consideration. -This is because conditioning can lead to a reliance on rewards to drive normal expetected behaviours

Question 34

CONCLUSION-Wider consideration.

Answer 34

Therefore conditioning can be effective but only to a extent,consequently because of this in the future conditioning techniques should be used in moderation to control behaviour,to prevent the likelihood of dveeloping over dependence on rewards to stimulate good behaviours.