Crime and juvenile delinquency Flashcards
juvenile delequency
Juvenile Delinquency: Juvenile delinquency specifically refers to illegal or antisocial behavior committed by individuals who are minors, typically under the age of 18 (though the age threshold may vary by jurisdiction). Juvenile delinquency includes actions such as vandalism, truancy, underage drinking, drug abuse, and other offenses. The term “delinquent” is used to describe young people who engage in such behavior.
offenders
“Offenders” ist ein allgemeiner Begriff, der Personen beschreibt, die eine Straftat begangen haben oder verdächtigt werden, eine begangen zu haben. Es bezieht sich auf jede Person, die gegen das Gesetz verstoßen hat, unabhängig von Alter, Geschlecht oder anderen Merkmalen. Offenders können verschiedene Arten von Straftaten begehen, von kleinen Vergehen bis hin zu schweren Verbrechen. Die Begrifflichkeit wird oft in rechtlichen, strafrechtlichen und sozialen Kontexten verwendet.
mandatory prison sentences
Mandatory prison sentences sind gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Gefängnisstrafen für bestimmte Straftaten, die von einem Richter verhängt werden müssen, ohne dass er oder sie über Ermessensspielraum verfügt. Diese obligatorischen Mindeststrafen werden normalerweise von Gesetzgebern eingeführt, um auf bestimmte Verbrechen mit Härte zu reagieren oder um die öffentliche Sicherheit zu erhöhen.
parole
Bewährung =Entlassung eines Häftlings aus der Haft unter bestimmten Bedingungen, unter Aufsicht. Diese Bedingungen können regelmäßige Treffen mit einem Bewährungshelfer, die Einhaltung eines festgelegten Zeitplans oder die Teilnahme an Rehabilitationsprogrammen umfassen.
being relased on bail
Being released on bail means that a person who has been arrested and charged with a crime is allowed to leave custody temporarily while awaiting trial or other legal proceedings. Bail is a financial arrangement made by the defendant or on their behalf by a bail bondsman, where the defendant agrees to appear in court for all scheduled hearings and comply with any conditions set by the court. In exchange, the defendant is released from jail until their case is resolved.
trial
A trial is a formal legal proceeding in which the facts of a case are examined, witnesses are heard, and evidence is presented to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused individual. Trials typically occur in courtrooms and are presided over by a judge, who ensures that legal procedures are followed and makes rulings on matters of law.
lenient punishment
A lenient punishment refers to a relatively mild or moderate penalty imposed on an individual who has been found guilty of a crime. Leniency in sentencing can take various forms, including reduced prison time, lower fines, probation instead of incarceration, or community service.
petty crimes
Petty crimes, also known as minor offenses or misdemeanors, are relatively minor violations of the law that are less serious in nature compared to felonies. These offenses typically result in less severe penalties, such as fines, community service, probation, or short-term imprisonment.
prevent from reoffending
prosecutors
prosecutors are legal professionals who represent the government or the state in criminal cases. Their primary role is to present evidence and arguments to prove that the accused person is guilty of committing a crime. Prosecutors work closely with law enforcement agencies to gather evidence, interview witnesses, and build a case against the defendant.
crime prevention measures
deterrent
A deterrent is something that discourages or prevents someone from engaging in a particular behavior or action by instilling fear of the consequences. In the context of law and justice, deterrents are measures or penalties intended to prevent individuals from committing crimes.
There are two main types of deterrents:
Specific deterrence: This aims to prevent the individual who has already committed a crime from reoffending by imposing punishments or consequences that will deter them from engaging in criminal behavior in the future. For example, a prison sentence for a convicted criminal serves as a specific deterrent by demonstrating the consequences of breaking the law.
General deterrence: This aims to prevent members of society as a whole from committing crimes by demonstrating the consequences of criminal behavior through punishments imposed on others. For example, the threat of punishment for theft serves as a general deterrent by discouraging potential offenders from committing theft due to the fear of facing similar consequences.
truancy
Truancy refers to the act of a student deliberately and repeatedly missing school without a valid excuse or permission from parents or guardians. It is considered a form of absenteeism and a violation of compulsory education laws in many jurisdictions.
binge drinking
Binge drinking refers to the consumption of a large amount of alcohol in a short period, typically leading to intoxication. It is often characterized by the consumption of multiple drinks (generally four or more for women and five or more for men) within a couple of hours. Binge drinking can result in a rapid increase in blood alcohol concentration (BAC), leading to impaired judgment, coordination, and cognitive function.
hooliganism
Hooliganism refers to unruly, violent, or destructive behavior typically associated with fans of sports teams, especially during or after matches or events. It often involves acts of aggression, vandalism, disorderly conduct, fighting, and sometimes even criminal activity such as assault, property damage, or rioting
