crime and punishment 1

Question 1

…employment opportunities in Whitechapel

Answer 1

• fewer jobs for women
  (many = prostitutes / maids - 1200 prostitutes in 1888)
• most worked in small overcrowded sweatshops
  (long hours with low pay - income not trustable)

Question 2

…the work of Dr Barnardo

Answer 2

• set up his first home for boys in 1870
  (trained in carpentry, metalwork, shoemaking)
• 96 Barnardo homes for by 1905
  (for 8500 children including those with difficulties)

Question 3

…Irish immigration into the Whitechapel area

Answer 3

• associated with terrorism, were thought of as Fenians
  (bomb attack on Clerkenwell Prison 1867 caused surge of anti-Irish / anti-Catholic)
• left Ireland for USA in 1840s; stayed in London due to lack of money
  (were poor - only afford cheapest areas: Whitechapel)

Question 4

…Eastern European immigration into the Whitechapel area

Answer 4

• fled their home so many were poor
  (only afford cheapest areas: Whitechapel)
• were segregated and targets of prejudice
  (cultural differences like language, working in jewish owned businesses)

Question 5

…the problems caused by immigration into the Whitechapel area

Answer 5

• segregation between jewish-irish-english
  (immigrants worked in culture-wise established shops e.g irish lodgings)
• immigrants - targets of prejudice (stereotypes as anarchists and fenians)

Question 6

…anti-Semitism in Whitechapel during the Ripper murders

Answer 6

• jews blamed for murders
  (police focused on immigrants as suspects - testimony ‘foreign in appearance’)
• media coverage focused on jewish suspects
  (e.g The Star - john pizer’s jewish parentage)

Question 7

…the problem of alcoholism in Whitechapel

Answer 7

• people were vulnerable to crime
  (e.g robbed, Ripper’s victims)
• arguments escalated to violence
  (any crimes committed - hard to solve as witness = drunk)

Question 8

…a beat constable’s shift on patrol in Whitechapel

Answer 8

• given protective gear/equipment
  (e.g truncheon, handcuffs, lamp, notebook)
• assigned specific routes by sergeant
  (30 mins during the day, 15 at night - precise instructions about pace etc)

Question 8

…the problems faced by H Division in policing Whitechapel

Answer 8

• lacked witnesses because of protection rackets (gangs e.g odessians extorted shopkeepers)
• dark, unlit alleyways
  (criminals could watch for victims / quickly hide after committing crimes)

Question 9

…the problem of protection rackets in the Whitechapel area

Answer 9

• gangs terrorised the public (bessarabian tigers & odessians extorted shopkeepers and threatened to destroy property)
• witnesses didn’t report crimes - feared gang would attack them (met police struggled to arrest)

Question 10

…the social work tasks performed by H Division

Answer 10

• beat police patrol areas to ensure safety
  (follow specific route - instructions on pace etc)
• focused on observing, chasing, questions
  (would keep written record of shift to share with sergeant)

Question 11

…the perceptions of H Division by the local community

Answer 11

• corrupted
  (did not care about poor - belittled prositutes/sent people to workhouses)
• lazy, not effective
  (resented them - not helpful during Ripper’s murders)

Question 12

…the problems caused by the media during the Jack the Ripper investigation

Answer 12

• 300 letters and postcards sent to police claiming to be murderer
  (‘dear boss’ - police cannot rely on for evidence)
• hostility from press
  (The Times & Illustrated Police News insulting police leadership/officers/methods)

Question 13

…the problems caused by police force rivalry during the Jack the Ripper investigation

Answer 13

• police wouldn’t share info with each other
  (victim’s apron next to message - commissioner warren ordered messaged to be washed off wall)
• evidence not taken care of
  (graffiti cleaned without other police knowing)

Question 14

…improvements introduced to policing following the Jack the Ripper investigation

Answer 14

• telephones introduced 1900s
  (communicate faster than blowing whistle)
• bicycles introduced 1909
  (faster than walking)

Question 15

…the problems caused by crime in Whitechapel

Answer 15

• more robberies - less money to afford housing
  (overcrowding became worse - 189 in each acre)
• increase in poverty
  (homes broken into - too expensive to repair)

Question 16

…the problems caused by socialism in Whitechapel

Answer 16

• fear of anarchism
  (local whites worried about jewish immigrant radicals bringing revolution to britain)
• rise of fenian race
  (growing population of irish - dominated whitechapel)