crime and punishment 3 Flashcards
Explain one way in which attitudes towards anti-social crime in the medieval period (c1000–c1500) were different to attitudes towards anti-social crime in the modern period (c1900–present).
BECAME LESS SEVERE
before: crimes like public drunkenness - dealt with harshly (public shaming - stocks/pillories) to deter & maintain order
later: Acceptable Behaviour Orders = lenient (fines/community service) to focus rehabilitation & prevention
Explain one way in which the role of religion in law enforcement in the medieval period (c1000–c1500) was different to the role of religion in law enforcement in the early modern period
LOST POWER
before: religion had central role - Church courts handling many crimes
later: role of religion diminished - secular authorities took over legal matters; from 1576, couldn’t try criminal acts
Explain one way in which the use of capital punishment in the years c.1700-c1900 was different to the use of capital punishment in the years c1900-present.
BECAME MORAL/COMPASSIONATE
before: brutal public executions (punishment & deterrence) e.g hanging, beheading, burning at stake in public squares
later: more humane methods (advancements in human rights, evolving moral attitudes) e.g lethal injection, electrocution
Explain one way in which law enforcement in the years c1700–c1900 was different from law enforcement during the modern period (c1900–present).
BECAME SPECIALISED
before: carried out by local watchmen & constables with limited training & resources; use community cooperation
later: centralised, professional police forces with formal training & specialised units (e.g National Crime Agency & cybercrime divisions)
Explain one way in which law enforcement in the years c1700–c1900 was similar to law enforcement during the modern period (c1900–present).
ORGANISED POLICE FORCE FOR PUBLIC ORDER/SAFETY
before: uniformed police forces, (e.g Met in 1829) operated under hierarchical system with ranks & specialized roles to patrol/prevent
later: continued structured police forces with hierarchical systems, standardised training & specialised units
Explain one way in which law enforcement in the medieval period (c1000–c1500) was different from law enforcement during in the years c1700–c1900.
BECAME CENTRALISED/PROFESSIONAL
before: decentralised & community-based methods. (e.g hue & cry); local leaders appointed constables & watchmen to maintain order (unpaid & lacked formal training)
later: organized, professional police forces (formalised system like Bow Street Runners & Met); trained, paid officers upheld law and order
Explain one way in which law enforcement in the medieval period (c1000–c1500) was similar to law enforcement during in the years c1700–c1900.
RELIANCE ON COMMUNITY
before: community-based methods. (e.g hue & cry); local leaders appointed constables & watchmen to maintain order
later: police forced relied on community: neighborhood watch committees - patrolled streets & reported suspicious activities
Explain one way in which the use of prison as a punishment in the early modern period (c1500-c1700) was different to the use of prison as a punishment in the years c1700–c1900.
USED TO REHABILITATE
before: holding facilities while awaiting trial instead of punishment (confinement & isolation from society)
later: rehabilitation instead of punishment (structured routines, education, & religious instruction to encourage reform); separate system for repentance
Explain one way in which the use of prison as a punishment in the early modern period (c1500-c1700) was different to the use of prison as a punishment in the years c1900-present.
USED TO REHABILITATE
before: holding facilities while awaiting trial instead of punishment (confinement & isolation from society)
later: rehabilitation instead of punishment (structured routines, education, & religious instruction to encourage reform); separate system for repentance
Explain one way in which attitudes towards ‘social crimes’ (crimes which many in society accept to some degree) in the medieval period were different from attitudes towards ‘social crimes’ in the years c1900-present.
LESS SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE
before: attitudes to certain behaviors = more lenient (tolerated by authorities & general population);mild punishments
later: stricter regulation & enforcement of social behaviors (control behaviors like substance abuse, gambling, sex work)
Explain one way in which attitudes towards ‘social crimes’ (crimes which many in society accept to some degree) in the medieval period were similar to attitudes towards ‘social crimes’ in the years c1900-present.
CONTINUED TOLERANCE
before:attitudes to certain behaviors = more lenient (tolerated by authorities & general population);mild punishments
later: some socially acceptable to varying degrees (e.g drinking/recreational drug use = relatively harmless/acceptable in moderation despite legal restrictions & social stigma
