Crime and the Law Flashcards
Define Crime.
Crime is an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law.
Define Individualist views.
Individualists believe that the person is the only one responsible and should have a harsher punishments. They also believe that the police and courts should have more powers.
Define Collectivist views.
They believe that we live in an unequal society and that social conditions are more at fault. They also believe that better housing and improved employment opportunities would help to reduce crime.
What are some Sociological causes of crime?
Peer pressure
Lack of Education
Poor role models
Alcohol and Drugs
What is social exclusion?
Some people feel that they do not fit in with society due to their living conditions
What is peer pressure?
Pressure to act or behave a certain way when amongst your peers
Biological Reasons for Crime - Gender
Men tend to commit more violent crime than women
Women tend to be less aggressive as they have lower testosterone levels
Biological Reasons for Crime - Born Evil
Some would argue that individuals can naturally be ‘Born Evil’ and physiologically are different from other individuals
Biological Reasons for Crime
- Mental Health issues
How does Lack of Education affect Crime?
If an individual has a better standard of education then they are less likely to be involved in crime because they have access to more opportunities to be part of normal working society.
Better education = more opportunities = a higher income
Those with a poor standard of education have limited options in terms of employment and then may turn to crime to get the things they want
Consequences of Crime - Perpetrator
- Difficult to get jobs
- Difficult to get a visa
- Difficult to get a mortgage
Consequences of Crime - Victims
People can suffer greatly in the aftermath of crime and may experience a range of reactions such as: headaches, insomnia, anxiety, relationship issues and more.
Compensation may also be rewarded to victims who have suffered injury
Impact of Crime on Communities/Businesses
High levels of crime may damage community spirit and result in less neighbourliness. People may simply want to ‘keep themselves to themselves’ for fear of harassment
What does the JOP Court do?
Deals with minor crimes eg. breach of the peace, traffic offences etc.
- Always summary Procedure
- Appeals can be made to the Sherriff or High court
What does the Sherriff court do?
- Solemn and Summary procedure
- Solemn procedure required for more serious crimes
- If judge feels that the case is more serious they can refer to the High court
