CRIME CTRL, CJS, VICTIMS

Question 1

Victimology

Answer 1

Study of victims, attempts identify likeliness of victims + why

VICTIMS as customers of CJS

AGENCIES OF CJS : Police,court, probation service, prison, crown prosecution service

CSWE - Crime report of E + W, shows no. of victims

Restorative Justice - Offender,victims

CJS victim-centred e.g. Victim Support (organisation)
EVAL = Not all victims treated equal - social construction of victims e.g. unreported crime

EVAL FOR VICTIMOLOGY = Some denied victim label, blame on themselves e.g. scam, homophobia

EFFECTS OF VICTIMISATION : PE impact ( sleep disruption, helplessness, indirect victims(fam), 2nd victimisation ( suffer from crime + cjs judgement)

Question 2

PERSPECTIVES OF VICTIMOLOGY

Answer 2

POSITIVIST VICTIMOLOGY :
MIERS = Some more/less likely to bring victimisation upon self e.g. vulnerability of age = steal, sex worker = rape

HANDS VON HENTIG = Female study, elderly,mental as prone victims = invite victimisation because what they are

WOLFGANG = Homicide found 26% victims TRIGGERED events = homocide, 1st used violence

EVAL = Victim blame,asked for it + lack offender focus

EVAL = Ignores structural factors influencing victimisation e.g poverty, patriarchy

Question 3

PERSPECTIVE OF VICTIMOLOGY (2)

Answer 3

CRITICAL VICTIMOLOGY:
Victims of crime likely marginalised = structural issues, powerless

TOMBS + WHYTE = Hierarchy of victimisation - CJS fail labelling crimes as crime e.g. corporate
EVAL = POSITIVIST disregards victim role

Question 4

PATTERNS OF VICTIMISATION

Answer 4

C : Adult from 10% of depriv areas 2 likely victim of violent crime

A : Young ppl likely vics of DV than elderly

G: 2 women a week killed by ex/current

E : 2017/18 37% of vics 18-20 BLK

R: 50% religious motivated hate crimes against Muslims