crime + deviance: globalisation Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is globalisation?
increasing interconnectedness of societies
how does globalisation lead to more crime?
creates new opportunities for crime, new means of committing crime and new offences such as various cyber crime
brought about transnational organised crime
what are different forms of global criminal economy?
-arms trafficking
-smuggling of illegal immigrants
-cyber crime _ green crimes
-drugs trade
-trafficking of women + children
-sex tourism
what is ‘risk consciousness’ and how does globalisation produce it?
globalisation creates new insecurities and produces a new mentality where risk is seen as global rather than tied to a particular place
what does Taylor say about globalisation, capitalism and crime?
globalisation has led to changes in the pattern and extent of crime as by giving free reign to market forces, globalisation has created greater inequality
how has globalisation created crime at both ends of the social spectrum?
a lack of legitimate job opportunities drives unemployed to seek illegitimate ones
creates illegal opportunities for elite groups like deregulating financial markets + avoiding tax
how has globalisation led to exploitation?
people work long hours, with low pay and in dangerous environment
this generates greater insecurity + widens inequality + encourages more people to commit more crime
what is a criticism of Taylor’s perspective?
explains changes in pattern of global crime but fails to explain why some turn to crime and others don’t
what do Rothe and Friedrich look at when studying ‘crimes of globalisation’?
examine the role of international financial organisations such as IMF and the World Bank
how are these organisations linked to capitalist states?
they are dominated by major capitalist countries
e.g. the World Bank has 188 member countries but just 5 - USA, Japan, Germany, Britain + France - hold over 1/3 of voting rights
what do Rothe + Freidrich mean by pro-capitalist, neoliberal economic ‘structural adjustment programmes’?
richer counties make governments in poor countries cut their welfare spending + privatise their industries as a condition of loans for economic development/investment
what does this lead to?
so the very poorest people’s situation gets worse as there is no help for them but investors from wealthy counters get rich off the back of our countries desperation for loans
what’s an example of how this has created the conditions for crime?
Roth found the programme imposed on Rwanda in the 1980s caused mass unemployment and created the economic basis for the 1994 genocide.
what does Cain say about IMF and World Bank?
they act as a ‘global state’ and while they may not break any laws, their actions can cause widespread harms
what did Hobbs and Cunningham find about the patterns of criminal organisation?
the way crime is organised is linked to. the economic changes brought by globalisation
what is meant by ‘Glocal’ organisation?
there are new forms of organisation that may have global dimension but is rooted in a local context
how can the drugs trade be considered ‘glocal’ ?
drugs are sold globally the same way they’re sold locally
what is meant by McMafia?
refers to organisations that emerged as a result of the collapse of communism
due to widespread de-regulation except for natural resources (oil, gas) so Russians with any wealth brought them at fixed soviet price + sold for 40x more
created a new capitalist class in Russia known as oligarchs
why did Glenny call it McMafia?
some of the mafia have franchised their business the same way McDonalds have
the new Russian mafias were economic organisations aimed at maximising wealth just as any other global business
