Crime Prevention And Control

Question 1

Lea and Young (left realist policies)

Answer 1

• focus on tackling social conditions that cause crimes (social/ community crime prevention)
• Multi-agency approach
• PACT groups (Police and community together)
• early intervention strategies

Question 2

Weikart

Answer 2

• Perry Pre-school project; high quality preschool education to 3/4 year old African- American children living in poverty and at risk of failure
• curriculum emphasised active learning involving decision making and problem solving - support from adults
• project monitored achievement and motivation and social behaviour from ages 3-41

Question 3

Wilson and Kelling

Answer 3

• based on right realist broken windows thesis- solution is to crack down on disorder by using situational crime prevention (based on rational choice theory))
• zero tolerance policy
• target hardening
• increased social control

Question 4

Felson

Answer 4

• Port authority bus terminal; was poorly designed so provided opportunities for deviant conduct eg toilets were for luggage thefts, rough sleeping ad drug dealing
• reshaping environment reduced activity

Question 5

Foucault

Answer 5

• views of punishment- 2 different forms;
• sovereign power; exercised physical power over bodies and punishment was a visible spectacle
• disciplinary power; seeks to govern body and mind through surveillance- panopticon

Question 6

Mathiesen

Answer 6

• argues now a synpoticon (everybody watches everybody eg through media) as opposed to panopticon (few to monitor the man)

Question 7

Feeley and Simon

Answer 7

• technology of power- focus on groups rather than individuals, not interested in rehabilitating offender but instead preventing offending using calculations of risk - stastically certain groups are more likely at risk
• seeks to predict and prevent future

Question 8

Durkheim

Answer 8

• function of punishment is to uphold social solidarity and reinforce shared values- 2 types of justice;
• retributive justice; traditional society with strong collective conscience making punishment severe
• restitutive justice; modern society with extensive interdependence between individuals and crime damages this, so function should be to repair

Question 9

Garland

Answer 9

• prison as punishment
• USA and UK moving to mass incarceration- growing politicisation of crime control

Question 10

Althusser

Answer 10

• punishment as part of a redress I’ve state apparatus defending bourgeoisie property against lower classes
• imprisonment as a form of dominant punishment as time is money and offenders ‘pay’ by ‘doing time’ in capitalist economy