Crime Sociologists

Question 1

Quinn el al

Answer 1

Study about discrimination black people as being deviant and criminal based on their their musical taste

Question 2

Hunter Etaples al

Answer 2

Lange barriers at court restrict people from their ability to express themselves properly

Question 3

Clowes trail

Answer 3

Man who boiled his wife in bath got only 2 years in prison

Question 4

Shearing and Stenning

Answer 4

Privatisation of private space - use of CCTV and security guards, owners of this private ‘public’ spaces are responsible for policing those spaces displaces crimes to less affluent public spaces

Question 5

Shown and McKay

Answer 5

1929- 30
Chicago
Zone of transition -> transmission

Question 6

Baldwin and Bottoms

Answer 6

Tipping theory - when anti - social population outweighs the law abiding population, and the perception of this territory is negative. Eg, council estates in UK

Question 7

Skogna

Answer 7

Social control breaks down to physical deterioration which is social deterioration, spiral of decay. Lacks social control. Eg, bad social control of social building leds to use of drugs and consumption of alcohol

Question 8

The Brantighams

Answer 8

Cognitive maps

Question 9

Sutherland and Cressey

Answer 9

• criticism of S&M ( study is vague )
• Differential association - those who socialise, with offenders are more likely to offend
  Frequency + Duration + Priority + Intensity
• connection to the interactionism and social action theory

Question 10

Dr Gwen Adsead

Answer 10

Argues that Differental Association has to be combined with multiple other factors to commit a crime ( lack of socialisation/ attachment;marginalisation;poverty )

Question 11

Clarke/ Cohen + Felson

Answer 11

Clarke - opportunity theory -> how much the crime will cost, attractiveness + accessibility to commit crime
C+F -> no capable guardian, crimes happen when offender and victims daily activities frequently intersect

Question 12

Hobbs and Lister

Answer 12

• Change of the day and night culture
• night time economy - pubs, clubs, drugs, alcohol;its helpful concept as police can. Use this to focus their policing, has real world applications
  Usually done on weekends from 9pm to 3am
• move towards privatised security

Question 13

Becker

Answer 13

Master status
Interaction -> label -> accosted -> master status ->SFP

Question 14

Young Jock

Answer 14

Notting Hill study of Druggies and concept of master status

Question 16

Stan Cohen

Answer 16

Folk devils, mods and rockers. Moral panics
Theory

Question 17

Sara Thornton

Answer 17

‘Club Culture’

Question 18

Robert Merton

Answer 18

Strain theory, American dream. 4 reactions to strain, conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion

Question 19

Albert Cohen

Answer 19

Status frustration.

Question 20

Walter B. Miller

Answer 20

Focal Concerns.
Excitement - pubs
Toughness - they which to prove that they are tough
Smartness
Trouble
Autonomy
Fate - believe that their future decided

Question 21

David Matza

Answer 21

‘Delinquency and Drift ‘
Delinquency means encompass deviant and crime behaviour
Matza, teenagers drift between groups and some more delinquent than other, connection to Differential Assosiation
Subterranean values - underground values.

Techniques of neutralisation ( excuses )
Denial of responsibility
Denial of Injury
Denial that it was wrong
Condem the condemns ( blame who were blaming you )

Question 22

Charles Murray

Answer 22

Underclass, criminal underclass and elf are dependency in Britain

Question 23

Raywyn Connell

Answer 23

Hegemonic Masculinity,

Hierarchy: 1) hegemonic masculinity, complicit masculinity, subordinate masculinity. for females; 1) resistant masculinity, emphasised masculinity

Question 24

Laud Humphrey’s

Answer 24

Concept of sexuality.
Impersonal sex in public spaces ( tearooms) - private toilets
Used covert participant observations

Question 27

Li et al

Answer 27

Had an overt non - participant interviews that were anonymous and optional Men kept referencing “Rouyu” -. Direct physical contact with other men.

Question 28

Talcott Parsons

Answer 28

SEX ROLE THEORY -> men are biologically prescribed to commit crime Men have instrumental tolerances ( important role ) Women have expressive role ( caring role )

Question 29

Prof.Frances.Heidensohn

Answer 29

radfem CONTROL THEORY - women commit less crime because they face less control in their everyday life, women are controlled in their : home by men, supervised, language, curfew, leisure, acad. expectations = women has less opportunities to commit crime.

Question 30

Frida Adler

Answer 30

- women’s liberation is the reason why women are committing rime - with women liberation (60s) they wanted to do everything the men do. - ‘sisters in crime’ 1975 - identifies rise of new female criminal. More away from passive/reactive crimes to more instrumental roles. - criticise for making liberated women appear irresponsible

Question 31

Denscombe

Answer 31

“ladette” culture in late 1990s- bing- drinking, sowing of lads’s behavious - girls were adopting masculinised behavious/socila response - Heiddensohn critique Denscombe puts negative labels and encourages moral panics, supported by patriarchal disapproval

Question 32

Chivalry thesis, Carol Smart, Otto Rollack

Answer 32

- women will getaway with crimes more then men or we will get them lighter punishments Otto Rollack 40s-50s - women learn to be good at deception through hiding their menstruation Carol Smart - chivalry thesis can happen but double deviance + broken gender norm = harsh punishment. + victim blaming of women

Question 33

Pat Carles

Answer 33

“ Criminal Women” , unstructured interviews of fem,in prison ‘gender deal’ - women expected in relationship to have a family, and either relationship were broken or children were taken from them

Question 34

Loyt and Stuart

Answer 34

- women are objectified /socialised into seeing sexual attention as positive

Question 35

Cesare Lombroso

Answer 35

1871, prison measurement of body parts

Question 36

Maddison Grant

Answer 36

Passing of the great race - focusing on immigration and its impact - argues that immigration should be limited, limited wanted quotes to restrict movement from certain countries

Question 37

Herman Lundborg

Answer 37

“Swedish institutions of facilitation hygiene” Selective breeding, links ro Arianism

Question 38

Cartwright

Answer 38

Slaves had Drapetomania - mental illness that makes them run away, it can legally be cured

Question 39

Francis Galton

Answer 39

Eugenics, selctive breeding