criminology

Question 1

sociological theories of criminality

Answer 1

marxism
functionalism
strain theory

Question 2

marxism

Answer 2

belive power is exerted from higher people onto those below
bourgeoisie and proletariat
althuser- WC manipulated into believing life is fair and equal, punish those who go against capitalism
crime stems from social disadvantage
capitalism pushes us to be selfish

Question 3

functionalism

Answer 3

society based on social consensus and shared social norms
beleive society still works with someone in charge

Question 4

society of saints

Answer 4

no crime= criminalisation of normal behaviour

Question 5

strain theory

Answer 5

society have goals,
conformity - accept goals and reach them in traditional ways
innovation- accept goals but find other ways to achieve them (crime)
ritualism- reject the goals but still go through the same motions
retreatism- reject goals and legitimate means to achieve them, withdraw from society

Question 6

individualistic theories

Answer 6

sigmund freud -psychodynamic theory
hans eysenck- personality test
bandura- social learning theory

Question 7

freud psychodynamic theory

Answer 7

early childhood and unconscious mind
id,ego,superego
dominant id= criminality
children need to transition from id dominated, id they don’t , become criminals

Question 8

hans eysenck physiological theory

Answer 8

extroversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
if someone scores high on all of them , likely to become criminals, can’t control impulses

Question 9

albert bandura- SLT

Answer 9

we learn our behaviour through observation, criminals watch other criminals and copy their behaviour
bobo doll- children watched an adult beat a bobo doll, then copied their behaviour , more likely to copy if the adult got a reward (vicarious reinforcement)

Question 10

SLT case study james bulger

Answer 10

2 10 year olds abducted and tortured a 2 year old, prior to this they had watched child’s play 3

Question 11

biological theories

Answer 11

genetic, brain injuries & disorders, biological (hormones) , physiological

Question 12

physiological - cesare lombroso

Answer 12

criminals have distinctive features
murderers- nose like bird beak
thieves- flattened nose
atavistic- primitive species, havnt fully evolved
3839 criminals, 40% had atavistic features

Question 13

sheldon somatotype theory

Answer 13

mesomorph- muscular
ectomorph- thin and fragile
endomorph-round and overweight
mesomorph likely to commit crimes, endomorph least likely

Question 14

brain abnormalities

Answer 14

damage to prefrontal cortex- change in behaviour, commit crimes

Question 15

phineas cage

Answer 15

metal bar entered his skull, damaging frontal lobe, personality changes, became bad mannered, antisocial and a liar

Question 16

fred west

Answer 16

motorbike accident and had brain injury, became guilt of petty crimes and of the rape of a young girl