criminology 4.1

Question 1

what is it meant by a policy

Answer 1

an idea/plan of what to do in a particular situation.

Question 2

what is meant by a informal policy

Answer 2

a less controlled and restricted way to deal with crime

Question 3

who makes policy

Answer 3

groups of people/ an institution/ goverment

Question 4

who would make informal policy

Answer 4

neighbourhood watch PSA act

Question 5

what does chemical castration suggest

Answer 5

that criminals eg sex offenders have high testosterone levels

Question 6

is chemical castration a crime control or state punishment policy

Answer 6

crime control

Question 7

what is chemical castration policy

Answer 7

this is a drug given to sex offenders to reduce their sex drive and sexual activity to stop

Question 8

pros and cons of chemical castration

Answer 8

pros:
less that 10% of 626 chemical castration patients reoffended 5 years later

cons:
un ethical, no enough support on its effectiveness, people still committed the crime

Question 9

what does the death penalty suggest

Answer 9

this suggest the genetic theory that criminals behaviour can’t be changed

Question 10

what is the death penalty

Answer 10

a punishment where a criminal is killed by the state as a punishment for their crime/crimes

Question 11

effectiveness of the death penalty

Answer 11

pros:
when executions increase murders decrease
cons:
states with the deaths penalty have high murder rates

Question 12

what does diet/medication suggest

Answer 12

this suggest that low serotonin levels are linked to aggression and diet can help improve it.

Question 13

what is the diet/medication policy

Answer 13

prisoners lack essential nutrients and this offers prisoners a vitamin rich diet.

Question 14

effectiveness of diet/medication

Answer 14

pros prisoners who took the vitamins helped reduce violent nature

Question 15

is diet/medication crime control or state punishment

Answer 15

crime control

Question 16

what does token economy suggest

Answer 16

behaviourist say that crime I learnt though nature. operant conditioning suggest behaviour can be shaped through rewards and punishments.

Question 17

what is token economy policy

Answer 17

a technique used in a prison to shape behaviour. if offenders desire something they can earn rewards to get it through good behaviour act

Question 18

is token economy crime control or state punishment

Answer 18

crime control

Question 19

effectiveness of token economy

Answer 19

in 2004 it was used to help young offenders with behaviour problems . it was overall effective but had to be adapted for certain individuals

Question 20

what does anger management suggest

Answer 20

faulty thinking can lead to aggression and criminality

Question 21

what is anger management policy

Answer 21

it helps bring awareness of offenders behaviours and helps the improve self control

Question 22

is anger management crime control or state punishment

Answer 22

crime control

Question 23

effectiveness of anger management

Answer 23

prisoners found themselves to be less aggressive (also rated by the officers) when used violent behaviour decreased

Question 24

what does psychoanalysis suggest

Answer 24

suggest behaviour is a result of the unconscious mind where we have repressed memories

Question 25

what is psychoanalysis policy

Answer 25

tries to bring unconscious thoughts to conscious level where they can be dealt with.

Question 26

is psychoanalysis crime control or state punishment

Answer 26

crime control

Question 27

effectiveness of psychoanalysis

Answer 27

pros: can work swell as other therapies cons: can waste time, could make things worse, expensive, might not work

Question 28

what does the zero tolerance policing suggest

Answer 28

right realist believe that society should get tougher on crime .

Question 29

what is zero tolerance policing policy

Answer 29

zero tolerance policing involves police not tolerating even smaller crimes (such as graffiti)

Question 30

is zero tolerance policing crime control or state punishment

Answer 30

crime control

Question 31

effectiveness of zero tolerance policing

Answer 31

pros: zero tolerance policing was introduced in 1993 New York major crime fell by 39%

Question 32

what does the prison suggest

Answer 32

suggest increase the cost of crime such as prison

Question 33

what is prison policy

Answer 33

prison is used to incapacitate , rehabilitate, prevent reoffending and deter

Question 34

is prison crime control or state punishment

Answer 34

state punishment

Question 35

effectiveness of prison

Answer 35

pros: prisons act as a family giving morals to prisoners cons: 25% of prisoners released reoffend. recidivism rates are high after prison

Question 36

what does the multi agency working suggest

Answer 36

left realist suggest people feel relatively deprived and see crime as their only option due to marginalisation

Question 37

what Is multi agency working policy

Answer 37

left realism believes that multi agency working is needed to prevent people feeling pushed out from society

Question 38

is multi agency working crime control or state punishment

Answer 38

crime control

Question 39

effectiveness of multi agency working

Answer 39

pros: allows authorities to get information for safeguarding