Criminology- key words Flashcards
(14 cards)
Positive reinforcement
Operant conditioning, Learning theory
A pleasant consequence for an action so we’re likely to repeat it.
e.g a kid cleaning their room for access to TV
‘reinforcement’ - more likely to repeat behviour? does if achieve a desiried behaviour?
Negative reinforcement
Operant conditioning, Learning theory
avoidance of unpleasant consequences or situations so we’re likely to repeat it
e.g doing homework to not get detention
‘reinforcement’ - more likely to repeat behviour? does if achieve a desiried behaviour?
Postitive punishment
Operant conditioning, Learning theory
receiving unpleasant consequences for a behaviour
e.g giving detention to a student for messing around
‘punishment’ = is the behaviour more likely to stop?
Negative punishment
Operant conditioning, Learning theory
taking away something pleasant in order to stop the undesired behaviour
‘punishment’ = is the behaviour more likely to stop?
Primary reinforcers
Operant conditioning, Learning theory
these satisfy basic human needs like food and water
‘reinforcer’
Secondary reinforcers
Operant conditioning, Learning theory
collected to exchange for something at survival value
e.g token
Attention
Social learning theory, identification and modelling processes
In order to learn something new, we have to pay attecntion to it.
(1)
Retention
Social learning theory, identification and modelling processes
storing the new behaviour in memory
(2)
Reproduction
Social learning theory, identification and modelling processes
to be able to model new behaviour, we have to be able to reproduce it
(3)
for example: you paid attention to a gymnast perform and you retained the info, but you need agility and practice to reproduce it
Motivation
Social learning theory, identification and modelling processes
we have to be motivated to reproduce the new behaviour. it can be intrinsic, which is when you gain pleasure from copying it or it could be vicarious reinforcement, which is when you** copy it to get the same reward **as the role model.
(4)
Internalisation
Social learning theory, identification and modelling processes
adopting the behaviour of role model or group
(5)
Observational learning
Social learning theory
learning new behaviour by watching and modelling a role model
Modelling
Social learning theory
Learning new behaviour through paying attention to retaining and reproducing the behaviour of a role model
Social learning theory
Social learning theory
Learning behavior through observation and imitation of role models
